{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409883298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3559966","title":"An Analytical Closed-Loop Steady-State Model for Modular Multilevel Converters","display_name":"An Analytical Closed-Loop Steady-State Model for Modular Multilevel Converters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409883298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3559966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3559966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3559966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032471670","display_name":"Zhixiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5248-5140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5248-5140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060076211","display_name":"Yunqing Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-5719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqing Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-5719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115430447","display_name":"Lu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-1864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-1864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066985085","display_name":"Laili Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laili Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028997562","display_name":"Wei Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-6647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117359510","display_name":"Zesong Leng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zesong Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4155-9200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032471670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6894484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9240000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8204568028450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6426841020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6330846548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","score":0.6239803433418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.4917924702167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.4421744644641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3879348635673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37181174755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3710139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3450494706630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32494020462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31478917598724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21796712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1644599735736847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1569732129573822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8204568028450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6426841020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6330846548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6239803433418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4917924702167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.4421744644641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3879348635673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37181174755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3710139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3450494706630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32494020462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31478917598724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21796712279319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1644599735736847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1569732129573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3559966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3559966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2139820372","https://openalex.org/W2322335058","https://openalex.org/W2259382430","https://openalex.org/W2397460850","https://openalex.org/W4322484979","https://openalex.org/W2612895087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steady-state":[0],"analysis":[1,23],"is":[2],"critical":[3],"for":[4,24,51,63],"the":[5,8,35,52,59,64,99,102,117,124,136,146],"design":[6,76],"of":[7,20,37,58,77,98,116],"modular":[9],"multilevel":[10],"converter":[11],"(MMC).":[12],"Although":[13],"existing":[14,70],"closed-loop":[15,60],"steady-state":[16,61,148],"models":[17],"are":[18],"capable":[19],"offering":[21],"accurate":[22],"this":[25,78],"topology,":[26],"they":[27],"all":[28,113],"rely":[29],"on":[30],"iterative":[31],"methods":[32],"to":[33,93,126],"solve":[34,127],"system":[36],"nonlinear":[38,103,128],"equations,":[39,129],"resulting":[40],"in":[41,69,107],"time-consuming":[42],"calculations":[43],"and":[44,72,87,134,141],"potential":[45],"nonconvergence":[46],"issues.":[47,138],"This":[48],"article":[49],"develops,":[50],"first":[53],"time,":[54],"an":[55],"analytical":[56],"form":[57],"model":[62,83,149],"MMC,":[65,100],"filling":[66],"a":[67,111],"gap":[68],"studies":[71],"facilitating":[73],"more":[74],"efficient":[75],"complex":[79],"topology.":[80],"The":[81],"proposed":[82,147],"utilizes":[84],"arm":[85],"voltage":[86],"capacitor":[88],"energy":[89],"as":[90],"intermediate":[91],"variables":[92],"calculate":[94],"other":[95],"electrical":[96,114],"quantities":[97,115],"eliminating":[101],"product":[104],"terms":[105],"present":[106],"conventional":[108],"models.":[109],"As":[110],"result,":[112],"MMC":[118],"can":[119],"be":[120],"expressed":[121],"analytically":[122],"without":[123],"need":[125],"thereby":[130],"improving":[131],"calculation":[132,159],"efficiency":[133],"resolving":[135],"convergence":[137],"Both":[139],"simulation":[140],"experimental":[142],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145],"not":[150],"only":[151],"achieves":[152],"high":[153],"accuracy":[154],"but":[155],"also":[156],"significantly":[157],"enhances":[158],"efficiency.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}