{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407361575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3519581","title":"Integral Reinforcement Learning Control of an Uncertain 2-DOF Helicopter System With Input Quantization and State Constraints","display_name":"Integral Reinforcement Learning Control of an Uncertain 2-DOF Helicopter System With Input Quantization and State Constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407361575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3519581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2024.3519581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3519581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030267918","display_name":"Zhijia Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-3801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111348785","display_name":"Yan Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0103-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662211","display_name":"Zhijie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-4178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-4178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068679305","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-5974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-5974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021609168","display_name":"Keum\u2010Shik Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-4457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keum-Shik Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-4457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90168318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"9","first_page":"9250","last_page":"9259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9178000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9178000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7322303652763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6801960468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6186227202415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5665284395217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.530222475528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5259984731674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.518265962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.477181077003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3642524480819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25317609310150146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7322303652763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6801960468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6186227202415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5665284395217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.530222475528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5259984731674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.518265962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.477181077003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3642524480819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25317609310150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2024.3519581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3519581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1407843300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1515120019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3404180210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20240484561","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4482583160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62433011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5362635529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1515120018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G667852443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7618111036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972187825","https://openalex.org/W1975874834","https://openalex.org/W1990262933","https://openalex.org/W2045649918","https://openalex.org/W2060037749","https://openalex.org/W2082526944","https://openalex.org/W2085194340","https://openalex.org/W2121570671","https://openalex.org/W2128635929","https://openalex.org/W2518862008","https://openalex.org/W2546451873","https://openalex.org/W2605516885","https://openalex.org/W2611480939","https://openalex.org/W2750419269","https://openalex.org/W2887936533","https://openalex.org/W2914172002","https://openalex.org/W2920417161","https://openalex.org/W2942510244","https://openalex.org/W2989510904","https://openalex.org/W3006148668","https://openalex.org/W3048385630","https://openalex.org/W3083478083","https://openalex.org/W3088521775","https://openalex.org/W3120308615","https://openalex.org/W3133254695","https://openalex.org/W3140101714","https://openalex.org/W3149864365","https://openalex.org/W3166362491","https://openalex.org/W3174508330","https://openalex.org/W3178554613","https://openalex.org/W3197593624","https://openalex.org/W3200288111","https://openalex.org/W3207351513","https://openalex.org/W3215782262","https://openalex.org/W4205415475","https://openalex.org/W4225832430","https://openalex.org/W4226323119","https://openalex.org/W4226413881","https://openalex.org/W4302275452","https://openalex.org/W4312575646","https://openalex.org/W4313146255","https://openalex.org/W4377079698","https://openalex.org/W4380318489","https://openalex.org/W4382203246","https://openalex.org/W4385436292","https://openalex.org/W4387247676","https://openalex.org/W4387609193","https://openalex.org/W4389478889","https://openalex.org/W4397026485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615607975","https://openalex.org/W2355865573","https://openalex.org/W2155981143","https://openalex.org/W2155245395","https://openalex.org/W2192101006","https://openalex.org/W2116800748","https://openalex.org/W2638730922","https://openalex.org/W2190465783","https://openalex.org/W2027827693","https://openalex.org/W2381267592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,11,48],"integral":[4,65],"reinforcement":[5],"learning":[6],"(RL)":[7],"control":[8,40,107],"strategy":[9,108],"for":[10],"uncertain":[12],"two-degree-of-freedom":[13],"(2-DOF)":[14],"helicopter":[15,83],"system":[16,95],"by":[17,47,60],"considering":[18],"the":[19,39,42,54,75,79,82,93,102,105],"input":[20,36],"quantization":[21],"and":[22,114],"state":[23],"constraints.":[24],"Initially,":[25],"a":[26,61],"hysteresis":[27],"quantizer":[28],"is":[29,45,58,109],"utilized":[30],"to":[31,72],"reduce":[32],"oscillations":[33],"when":[34],"transmitting":[35],"signals.":[37],"Within":[38],"framework,":[41],"model":[43],"uncertainty":[44],"estimated":[46],"action":[49],"neural":[50],"network":[51],"(NN),":[52],"while":[53],"long-term":[55],"cost":[56],"function":[57],"approximated":[59],"critic":[62],"NN.":[63],"Moreover,":[64],"barrier":[66],"Lyapunov":[67,85],"functions":[68],"(IBLFs)":[69],"are":[70,96],"employed":[71],"directly":[73],"restrict":[74],"states,":[76],"thereby":[77],"guaranteeing":[78],"convergence":[80],"of":[81,104],"system.":[84],"stability":[86],"theory":[87],"demonstrates":[88],"that":[89],"all":[90],"signals":[91],"within":[92],"closed-loop":[94],"semiglobal":[97],"uniform":[98],"ultimate":[99],"bounded.":[100],"Ultimately,":[101],"efficacy":[103],"proposed":[106],"validated":[110],"via":[111],"both":[112],"simulations":[113],"experiments.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}