{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399800973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3398687","title":"A Data-Driven Reinforcement Learning Enabled Battery Fast Charging Optimization Using Real-World Experimental Data","display_name":"A Data-Driven Reinforcement Learning Enabled Battery Fast Charging Optimization Using Real-World Experimental Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399800973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3398687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2024.3398687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3398687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066820047","display_name":"Jiarui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-7176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099268948","display_name":"Tianyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4661-7563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4661-7563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046028492","display_name":"Ling Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4836-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4836-0072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089586435","display_name":"Yang Yi-kun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-4458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-4458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697167","display_name":"Chunlin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3929-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3929-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040644418","display_name":"Jingwen Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066820047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85134048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"430","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7822714447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5970224738121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5185188055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21616226434707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.13782057166099548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7822714447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5970224738121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5185188055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21616226434707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.13782057166099548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2024.3398687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3398687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2805637036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1916811336","https://openalex.org/W1971124646","https://openalex.org/W1988387263","https://openalex.org/W2049491031","https://openalex.org/W2065187211","https://openalex.org/W2072075711","https://openalex.org/W2113449668","https://openalex.org/W2118211766","https://openalex.org/W2125914170","https://openalex.org/W2169518199","https://openalex.org/W2310984498","https://openalex.org/W2613389393","https://openalex.org/W2768205366","https://openalex.org/W2774791859","https://openalex.org/W2924382816","https://openalex.org/W2969601893","https://openalex.org/W2999837629","https://openalex.org/W3007217854","https://openalex.org/W3091279417","https://openalex.org/W3154381048","https://openalex.org/W3156070738","https://openalex.org/W4200441148","https://openalex.org/W4205464771","https://openalex.org/W4205626718","https://openalex.org/W4285111929","https://openalex.org/W4300106150","https://openalex.org/W4318953189","https://openalex.org/W4386280827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fast":[0],"and":[1,64,104,168,199],"safe":[2],"charging":[3,30,37,58,62,123,165],"is":[4,25,72],"of":[5,11,16,108,111,129,149,164,175,196,203],"great":[6],"significance":[7],"for":[8,45],"the":[9,17,50,75,98,106,127,147,156,173,193,201,204],"application":[10],"lithium-ion":[12],"batteries.":[13],"As":[14],"one":[15],"most":[18],"representative":[19],"optimization":[20],"decision-making":[21],"algorithms,":[22],"reinforcement":[23,40,68],"learning":[24,41],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"in":[28,92,121,162],"fast":[29,36,57],"control.":[31],"However,":[32],"current":[33],"research":[34],"on":[35,39,67,85,136],"based":[38,66],"uses":[42],"simulation":[43,176],"data":[44,76,131,134,177,180],"optimization,":[46],"which":[47,80,187],"deviates":[48],"from":[49,77],"actual":[51],"battery.":[52,87],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"a":[56,142],"strategy":[59,103,157],"to":[60,117,132,145,178,184],"optimize":[61],"time":[63],"safety":[65,202],"learning.":[69],"The":[70,152],"agent":[71],"trained":[73],"using":[74],"real":[78,122,133,179,197],"experiment,":[79],"includes":[81],"600":[82],"charge-discharge":[83],"cycles":[84],"each":[86],"To":[88],"avoid":[89,118,189],"getting":[90],"trapped":[91],"locally":[93],"optimal":[94],"solution,":[95],"we":[96,125,158],"utilize":[97],"<inline-formula":[99,112],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[100,113],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[101,114],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{\\epsilon}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-greedy":[102],"discuss":[105],"impact":[107,128],"different":[109],"values":[110],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{\\epsilon}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"dangerous":[119],"steps":[120],"process,":[124],"explore":[126],"simulating":[130],"transfer":[135,174],"training":[137],"results.":[138],"We":[139],"also":[140],"conduct":[141],"comparison":[143],"experiment":[144],"verify":[146],"superiority":[148],"our":[150],"strategy.":[151],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155],"proposed":[159],"has":[160,181],"advantages":[161],"terms":[163],"time,":[166],"safety,":[167],"delaying":[169],"battery":[170],"aging.":[171],"Besides,":[172],"been":[182],"proven":[183],"be":[185],"effective,":[186],"can":[188],"high-risk":[190],"actions":[191],"during":[192],"exploration":[194],"process":[195],"experiments":[198],"ensure":[200],"experiments.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
