{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389799344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3340212","title":"System-Level Energy Management Optimization of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Nested Design","display_name":"System-Level Energy Management Optimization of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Nested Design","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389799344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3340212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3340212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3340212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782363","display_name":"Xiaodong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-3311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102903983","display_name":"Ziyin Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7267-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyin Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7267-1055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951050","display_name":"Zhijia Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-9671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijia Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-9671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078251845","display_name":"Gang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-6802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-6802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009014796","display_name":"Xiang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84374475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"9","first_page":"10987","last_page":"10997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5786421298980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5138266682624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.49979281425476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.485270231962204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42583373188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4222884774208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3575782775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3519033193588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1256345808506012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5786421298980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5138266682624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.49979281425476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.485270231962204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42583373188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4222884774208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3575782775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3519033193588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1256345808506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3340212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3340212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1954918717","https://openalex.org/W1968105121","https://openalex.org/W1993029138","https://openalex.org/W2006393891","https://openalex.org/W2062041055","https://openalex.org/W2142653678","https://openalex.org/W2316073065","https://openalex.org/W2330761921","https://openalex.org/W2514768925","https://openalex.org/W2811386030","https://openalex.org/W2848760942","https://openalex.org/W2997602157","https://openalex.org/W2999650510","https://openalex.org/W3021604895","https://openalex.org/W3021839057","https://openalex.org/W3040227650","https://openalex.org/W3044225827","https://openalex.org/W3093790675","https://openalex.org/W3168744313","https://openalex.org/W3216709334","https://openalex.org/W4206721191","https://openalex.org/W4225919130","https://openalex.org/W4283461979","https://openalex.org/W4285180244","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4309099901","https://openalex.org/W4312835281","https://openalex.org/W4313069132","https://openalex.org/W4320713271","https://openalex.org/W4366241957","https://openalex.org/W4388895079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2571827127","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W4385671734","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W3014204036","https://openalex.org/W2386253354","https://openalex.org/W2354768891","https://openalex.org/W4229332389","https://openalex.org/W1510108650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,160],"power-split":[1],"hybrid":[2],"electric":[3],"vehicle":[4],"(PS-HEV)":[5],"is":[6,84,121,140,154],"a":[7,39,48,138],"complex":[8],"and":[9,21,26,34,57,73,90,106,147],"high-dimensional":[10],"system":[11,72],"that":[12],"only":[13],"through":[14,156],"overall":[15,32],"system-level":[16,49,168],"optimization,":[17],"considering":[18],"the":[19,30,43,61,64,67,70,76,92,95,100,114,117,125,131,134,143,148,151,157,163,166,176],"synergies":[20],"complementation":[22],"between":[23,66],"different":[24],"components":[25],"subsystems,":[27],"can":[28],"achieve":[29],"best":[31],"performance":[33,132,174],"benefits,":[35],"which":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"technology":[40],"challenge":[41],"in":[42,171],"study.":[44],"This":[45],"article":[46],"presents":[47],"optimization":[50,101,169],"method":[51,170],"using":[52],"nested":[53],"design":[54,97],"for":[55],"engines":[56],"motors":[58],"to":[59,86,112,123],"solve":[60],"problem":[62],"of":[63,69,75,94,133,150,165,175],"coupling":[65],"parameters":[68,98],"physical":[71],"those":[74],"control":[77],"algorithm.":[78],"Cohen's":[79],"<italic":[80],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">f</i>":[82],"effect":[83],"employed":[85],"conduct":[87],"sensitivity":[88],"analysis":[89],"determine":[91],"influence":[93],"selected":[96,122],"on":[99],"objective.":[102,128],"Kriging":[104],"model":[105],"NSGA":[107],"II":[108],"algorithm":[109,120],"are":[110],"proposed":[111,152,167],"optimize":[113,124],"motor,":[115],"whereas":[116],"fire":[118],"hawk":[119],"fuel":[126],"consumption":[127],"To":[129],"evaluate":[130],"optimal":[135],"torque":[136],"distribution,":[137],"comparison":[139],"made":[141],"with":[142],"original":[144],"PS-HEV":[145,177],"system,":[146],"feasibility":[149],"scheme":[153],"verified":[155],"hardware-in-the-loop":[158],"test.":[159],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"efficacy":[164],"achieving":[172],"superior":[173],"system.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
