{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389890879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3332990","title":"A Double-Sided Complementary Vernier PM Linear Machine With High Magnet Utilization Factor Using Third-Order Harmonics","display_name":"A Double-Sided Complementary Vernier PM Linear Machine With High Magnet Utilization Factor Using Third-Order Harmonics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389890879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3332990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3332990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3332990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101460140","display_name":"Zhenghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-8773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-8773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068246264","display_name":"Shuangxia Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangxia Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8421,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69754322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"9","first_page":"11217","last_page":"11228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armature","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","score":0.8560879230499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"Thrust","score":0.7397104501724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vernier-scale","display_name":"Vernier scale","score":0.7378189563751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.7008185982704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-density","display_name":"Torque density","score":0.6211603879928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.5965348482131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.5772791504859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5249186158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4792463779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.42937400937080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3803589940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3739517331123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3696432411670685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34461790323257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3116350769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2893528938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28593260049819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.21687376499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.13599395751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11948516964912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93671265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557042","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","level":3,"score":0.8560879230499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.7397104501724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69710193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946576","display_name":"Vernier scale","level":2,"score":0.7378189563751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.7008185982704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780932299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826794","display_name":"Torque density","level":3,"score":0.6211603879928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.5965348482131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.5772791504859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5249186158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4792463779449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.42937400937080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3803589940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3739517331123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3696432411670685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34461790323257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3116350769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2893528938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28593260049819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.21687376499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.13599395751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11948516964912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3332990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3332990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36840857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52077187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978702662","https://openalex.org/W1986621213","https://openalex.org/W2010205576","https://openalex.org/W2010814133","https://openalex.org/W2011720830","https://openalex.org/W2098522104","https://openalex.org/W2136567844","https://openalex.org/W2333926207","https://openalex.org/W2741810071","https://openalex.org/W2766241014","https://openalex.org/W2790252727","https://openalex.org/W2790850955","https://openalex.org/W2806914359","https://openalex.org/W2807371961","https://openalex.org/W2810572679","https://openalex.org/W2884110741","https://openalex.org/W2925129065","https://openalex.org/W3007479161","https://openalex.org/W3021680982","https://openalex.org/W3163469664","https://openalex.org/W3196063272","https://openalex.org/W3213880016","https://openalex.org/W4251646563","https://openalex.org/W4312349815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085620748","https://openalex.org/W1510416911","https://openalex.org/W2913895051","https://openalex.org/W2062190150","https://openalex.org/W2170987467","https://openalex.org/W4366377780","https://openalex.org/W1987827196","https://openalex.org/W2899219710","https://openalex.org/W4214862794","https://openalex.org/W3040595123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Double-sided":[0],"PM":[1,29,48,166,191],"linear":[2,49,77,123],"machine":[3,50,78,176,201],"(DS-PM-LM),":[4],"which":[5,32],"takes":[6],"merits":[7],"of":[8,74,109,121,198,211],"high":[9],"thrust":[10,119,158,163],"density":[11,120,164],"and":[12,57,97,160,190],"low":[13,28],"normal":[14],"force,":[15],"has":[16],"great":[17],"potential":[18],"for":[19,137],"direct-drive":[20],"application.":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"DS-PM-LMs":[24],"still":[25],"suffer":[26],"from":[27,89],"utilization":[30],"issue,":[31],"limits":[33],"their":[34],"wide":[35],"application":[36],"in":[37,93],"practical":[38],"cost-efficiency":[39],"systems.":[40],"In":[41,181],"this":[42,75],"article,":[43],"an":[44,81],"H-shaped":[45],"double-sided":[46,99],"Vernier":[47],"(DS-VPM-LM)":[51],"with":[52,111,150,174,177],"complementary":[53,127],"structure":[54,128],"is":[55,68,79,103,129],"proposed":[56,76,148,200],"a":[58,98,134],"corresponding":[59],"new":[60],"winding":[61,102,113,152],"configuration":[62,153],"method":[63],"utilizing":[64,85],"magnetic":[65,135],"gear":[66],"effect":[67,84],"come":[69],"up":[70],"with.":[71],"The":[72],"novelty":[73],"that":[80],"enhanced":[82],"modulation":[83],"flux":[86],"densities":[87],"modulated":[88],"the":[90,94,117,122,126,138,143,147,169,175,196,199,209],"third-order":[91],"harmonics":[92],"air":[95],"gaps":[96],"distributed":[100],"armature":[101],"designed":[104],"to":[105,115,132,207],"make":[106],"full":[107],"use":[108],"them":[110],"higher":[112,157,162],"factor":[114],"boost":[116],"output":[118],"machine.":[124],"Meanwhile,":[125],"artfully":[130],"constructed":[131],"provide":[133],"path":[136],"working":[139],"harmonics.":[140],"Based":[141],"on":[142],"finite":[144],"element":[145],"analysis,":[146],"DS-VPM-LM":[149],"novel":[151],"could":[154],"improve":[155],"32.89%":[156],"density,":[159],"30.13%":[161],"per":[165],"volume":[167],"under":[168],"fixed":[170],"copper":[171],"loss":[172],"comparing":[173],"conventional":[178],"concentrated":[179],"winding.":[180],"addition,":[182],"some":[183],"design":[184],"guidelines,":[185],"such":[186],"as":[187],"slot/pole":[188],"combinations":[189],"dimensions,":[192],"are":[193,202],"discussed.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"performances":[197],"evaluated":[203],"by":[204],"prototype":[205],"experiments":[206],"verify":[208],"correctness":[210],"FEA":[212],"simulation":[213],"results.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}