{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388543830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3323749","title":"Characteristics and Mechanism of Partial Discharge Behavior of Power Module Under Unipolar Square Voltage","display_name":"Characteristics and Mechanism of Partial Discharge Behavior of Power Module Under Unipolar Square Voltage","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388543830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3323749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3323749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3323749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087106002","display_name":"Haihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-5515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014567387","display_name":"Guochun Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guochun Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066985085","display_name":"Laili Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laili Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057864798","display_name":"Feifei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-5034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049806239","display_name":"Zaojun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-5627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaojun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-5627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078842531","display_name":"Qingshou Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-0743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768273","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","ror":"https://ror.org/03kd9rr37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingshou Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-0743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I4391768273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087106002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768273","https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81183327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"8","first_page":"9789","last_page":"9799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-discharge","display_name":"Partial discharge","score":0.7656410932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.6395149230957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5887284278869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5555199980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4967857003211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.48019278049468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4488374590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.4118995666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3942292034626007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38042309880256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3590467572212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2840076684951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27692097425460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25534167885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.13031664490699768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.7656410932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.6395149230957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5887284278869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5555199980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4967857003211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.48019278049468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4488374590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.4118995666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3942292034626007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38042309880256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3590467572212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2840076684951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27692097425460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25534167885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13031664490699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3323749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3323749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2647449886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1966212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584231032","https://openalex.org/W1995956299","https://openalex.org/W2029699094","https://openalex.org/W2070504604","https://openalex.org/W2106178151","https://openalex.org/W2111301438","https://openalex.org/W2111313375","https://openalex.org/W2162869264","https://openalex.org/W2170808237","https://openalex.org/W2296522425","https://openalex.org/W2798282756","https://openalex.org/W2799609973","https://openalex.org/W2905248130","https://openalex.org/W2908210891","https://openalex.org/W2949816950","https://openalex.org/W2952732520","https://openalex.org/W2978972067","https://openalex.org/W2982621072","https://openalex.org/W3018715088","https://openalex.org/W3026108517","https://openalex.org/W3152942458","https://openalex.org/W3210610774","https://openalex.org/W4205368022","https://openalex.org/W4206788773","https://openalex.org/W4210729721","https://openalex.org/W4243759745","https://openalex.org/W4253288322","https://openalex.org/W6771283381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051058708","https://openalex.org/W2393409683","https://openalex.org/W4282008660","https://openalex.org/W2834849852","https://openalex.org/W1494268238","https://openalex.org/W154868527","https://openalex.org/W1983207144","https://openalex.org/W2490706771","https://openalex.org/W2536936696","https://openalex.org/W2955994650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Partial":[0],"discharge":[1,71,178],"(PD)":[2],"is":[3,18,50],"an":[4],"important":[5],"characterization":[6],"parameter":[7],"of":[8,12,21,44,54,64,93,108],"the":[9,13,22,25,30,36,40,65,70,79,89,94,101,105,109,113,118,130,143,171,177],"reliability":[10],"state":[11],"insulation":[14,26],"system,":[15],"and":[16,42,68,74,86,112,129,159,174],"it":[17],"also":[19,148],"one":[20],"reasons":[23],"why":[24],"structure":[27],"fails":[28],"for":[29],"high-voltage":[31],"power":[32,48,66,95],"electronics":[33],"module.":[34],"However,":[35],"current":[37,82],"research":[38],"on":[39],"characteristics":[41,92],"mechanism":[43],"PD":[45,62,90,111,115,163],"behavior":[46,91],"in":[47,142,170,176],"modules":[49],"limited.":[51],"In":[52],"view":[53],"this":[55,57],"situation,":[56],"article":[58],"proposes":[59],"a":[60,167],"parameterized":[61],"model":[63],"module":[67,96],"introduces":[69],"stochastic":[72],"theory":[73],"memory":[75],"effect.":[76],"Combined":[77],"with":[78],"proposed":[80],"high-frequency":[81],"transformer":[83],"detection":[84],"system":[85],"statistical":[87,164],"methods,":[88],"are":[97],"systematically":[98],"revealed.":[99],"As":[100],"applied":[102],"voltage":[103,144],"increases,":[104],"mathematical":[106],"expectation":[107],"first":[110],"second":[114],"gradually":[116,134],"approaches":[117],"rising":[119],"edge,":[120],"from":[121,136],"9.4":[122],"to":[123,138,150],"2.5":[124],"<italic":[125],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u03bc</i>":[127],"s,":[128],"data":[131,165],"standard":[132],"deviation":[133],"shrinks,":[135],"1.23":[137],"0.35.":[139],"The":[140],"increase":[141],"rise":[145],"rate":[146],"can":[147],"lead":[149],"similar":[151],"characteristics.":[152],"Besides,":[153],"during":[154],"0%\u201350%":[155],"phase-to-period":[156],"ratio":[157],"(PPR)":[158],"50%\u2013100%":[160],"PPR":[161],"periods,":[162],"exhibits":[166],"certain":[168],"symmetry":[169],"phase":[172],"distribution":[173],"asymmetry":[175],"repetition":[179],"rate.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
