{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387789985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","title":"Hybridized PWM Strategy for Three- and Multiphase Three-Level NPC Inverters","display_name":"Hybridized PWM Strategy for Three- and Multiphase Three-Level NPC Inverters","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387789985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3321999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/4387790/10287878.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/4387790/10287878.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018336680","display_name":"Arkadiusz Lewicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-4192"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arkadiusz Lewicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Enugu, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-4192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Enugu, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077569626","display_name":"Dmytro Kondratenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-8322"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmytro Kondratenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Enugu, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-8322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Enugu, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022926205","display_name":"Charles I. Odeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-5669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles I. Odeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-5669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018336680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88042307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"8","first_page":"8279","last_page":"8290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.8649557828903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7350837588310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.7129077911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.6763848662376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4985175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4952212870121002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45583486557006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-phase","display_name":"Three-phase","score":0.4267582893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-vector","display_name":"Space vector","score":0.4116489291191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3817857503890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36110377311706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22780853509902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20713484287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17667990922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.061741799116134644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.8649557828903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7350837588310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.7129077911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6763848662376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4985175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4952212870121002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45583486557006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.4267582893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988790929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Space vector","level":4,"score":0.4116489291191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3817857503890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36110377311706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22780853509902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20713484287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17667990922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.061741799116134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/4387790/10287878.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3321999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/4387790/10287878.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6694769805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021/41/N/ST7/01968","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","funder_display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387789985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387789985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972508690","https://openalex.org/W1990311797","https://openalex.org/W2030973541","https://openalex.org/W2092989350","https://openalex.org/W2167630521","https://openalex.org/W2169843976","https://openalex.org/W2179591237","https://openalex.org/W2343395151","https://openalex.org/W2515328463","https://openalex.org/W2773470959","https://openalex.org/W2799363247","https://openalex.org/W2910485939","https://openalex.org/W2912997784","https://openalex.org/W2940449023","https://openalex.org/W2970306321","https://openalex.org/W2978193047","https://openalex.org/W2996647100","https://openalex.org/W3003633030","https://openalex.org/W3012160838","https://openalex.org/W3019541102","https://openalex.org/W3022817626","https://openalex.org/W3049742541","https://openalex.org/W3104898354","https://openalex.org/W3117277721","https://openalex.org/W3146718913","https://openalex.org/W3185764192","https://openalex.org/W3185876865","https://openalex.org/W3192242562","https://openalex.org/W3201042900","https://openalex.org/W3208095836","https://openalex.org/W3216145897","https://openalex.org/W3216758980","https://openalex.org/W4206561114","https://openalex.org/W4210726483","https://openalex.org/W6634852690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369595360","https://openalex.org/W2137262581","https://openalex.org/W3015606404","https://openalex.org/W2153500674","https://openalex.org/W2370850561","https://openalex.org/W2386677202","https://openalex.org/W2363681452","https://openalex.org/W4255429841","https://openalex.org/W2052935455","https://openalex.org/W4313395906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simple":[1],"hybridized":[2,176],"pulsewidth":[3],"modulation":[4],"(PWM)":[5],"algorithm":[6,139,189],"for":[7,31,190],"three-":[8,191],"and":[9,101,128,133,144,157,181,188,192],"multiphase":[10,193],"three-level":[11],"neutral":[12],"point":[13],"clamped":[14],"(NPC)":[15],"inverters":[16,33],"is":[17,22,51,87,90,116,165,174],"proposed.":[18],"The":[19,149,163],"proposed":[20,150,172,185],"solution":[21,173],"based":[23,38],"on":[24,39],"classical":[25],"space":[26,154],"vector":[27,86,155],"PWM":[28,41],"(SVPWM)":[29],"algorithms":[30],"two-level":[32],"but":[34],"can":[35],"also":[36,91],"be":[37],"sinusoidal":[40],"with":[42],"min\u2013max":[43],"injection.":[44],"An":[45],"additional":[46],"level":[47],"of":[48,69,103,109,130,160],"output":[49],"voltage":[50,85,111,114],"obtained":[52],"by":[53,118],"modifying":[54,119],"the":[55,62,67,76,80,83,96,99,107,120,126,138,141,171,184],"resulting":[56],"switching":[57,121,142,147],"patterns":[58],"taking":[59,123],"into":[60,124],"account":[61,125],"actual":[63,134],"dc-link":[64,110,135],"voltages.":[65,136],"In":[66],"case":[68,108],"SVPWM":[70],"algorithms,":[71],"such":[72],"an":[73],"approach":[74,151],"eliminates":[75,145],"need":[77],"to":[78,94,167],"find":[79],"subsector":[81],"where":[82],"reference":[84],"located.":[88],"It":[89],"not":[92],"necessary":[93],"analyze":[95],"changes":[97],"in":[98,106],"position":[100],"length":[102],"active":[104],"vectors":[105],"imbalance.":[112],"DC-link":[113],"balancing":[115],"achieved":[117],"pattern,":[122],"values":[127],"direction":[129],"phase":[131],"currents":[132],"Also,":[137],"optimizes":[140],"pattern":[143],"unnecessary":[146],"instances.":[148],"utilizes":[152],"both":[153],"analysis":[156],"independent":[158],"control":[159,186],"individual":[161],"inverter-legs.":[162],"latter":[164],"peculiar":[166],"carrier-based":[168],"PWM;":[169],"hence,":[170],"termed":[175],"PWM.":[177],"Presented":[178],"experimental":[179],"tests":[180],"results":[182],"validated":[183],"concept":[187],"NPC":[194],"inverters.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}