{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381233023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3285976","title":"Six Steps Commutation Torque and Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Brushless Direct Current Motor","display_name":"Six Steps Commutation Torque and Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Brushless Direct Current Motor","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381233023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3285976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3285976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3285976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058505638","display_name":"Sangheon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangheon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-820X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019255263","display_name":"Hungsun Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-6180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hungsun Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-6180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75120873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"5","first_page":"5045","last_page":"5054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commutation","display_name":"Commutation","score":0.7297105193138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7213835716247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6356337666511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.5995476245880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stall-torque","display_name":"Stall torque","score":0.5202425718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.5070044994354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.5068219304084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.49830079078674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinning","display_name":"Spinning","score":0.47617262601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-motor","display_name":"DC motor","score":0.4184611141681671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3707834780216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3562627136707306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2676885426044464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.22649914026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.20089995861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1658894121646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1346653699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10048919916152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.07551485300064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780147050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155085","display_name":"Commutation","level":3,"score":0.7297105193138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7213835716247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6356337666511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.5995476245880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17348537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7597300","display_name":"Stall torque","level":5,"score":0.5202425718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.5070044994354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5068219304084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.49830079078674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154815118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453762","display_name":"Spinning","level":2,"score":0.47617262601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76684090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3842034","display_name":"DC motor","level":2,"score":0.4184611141681671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3707834780216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3562627136707306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2676885426044464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.22649914026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.20089995861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1658894121646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1346653699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10048919916152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07551485300064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3285976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3285976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3458347298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-DD-UP-0026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7405795921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00155776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","funder_display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902748490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03040570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9cwa38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043276313","https://openalex.org/W2068167155","https://openalex.org/W2100437863","https://openalex.org/W2113121324","https://openalex.org/W2131851315","https://openalex.org/W2148817481","https://openalex.org/W2148999439","https://openalex.org/W2170091979","https://openalex.org/W2172273803","https://openalex.org/W2323662453","https://openalex.org/W2494058187","https://openalex.org/W2575116165","https://openalex.org/W2789548331","https://openalex.org/W2913633628","https://openalex.org/W2972958259","https://openalex.org/W2999569445","https://openalex.org/W3035246611","https://openalex.org/W3047262419","https://openalex.org/W4220751559","https://openalex.org/W4226404188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082887882","https://openalex.org/W2366375388","https://openalex.org/W2765521725","https://openalex.org/W1964370864","https://openalex.org/W2963539249","https://openalex.org/W1949670702","https://openalex.org/W2114550905","https://openalex.org/W2373761630","https://openalex.org/W2121432581","https://openalex.org/W2354770172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"developing":[3],"a":[4,15,30,39,51,67,89],"new":[5],"three-degrees":[6],"of":[7,26,35,47,72,149,172],"freedom":[8],"electromagnetic":[9],"actuator":[10],"referred":[11],"to":[12,63,95,121,135,144],"here":[13],"as":[14,101,103],"spherical":[16],"brushless":[17,161],"direct":[18,162],"current":[19,163],"(SBLDC)":[20],"motor.":[21],"The":[22,41,107,166],"SBLDC":[23,151,174],"motor":[24,152,164,175],"consists":[25],"permanent":[27],"magnets":[28],"in":[29,38,43,75,176],"rotor":[31],"and":[32,54,85,125,139,153,178],"three":[33],"layers":[34],"electromagnets":[36],"(EMs)":[37],"stator.":[40],"EMs":[42,74],"the":[44,48,55,64,73,98,104,114,128,147,150,169,173],"middle":[45],"layer":[46,77],"stator":[49],"generate":[50],"spinning":[52,84,105],"torque,":[53],"other":[56],"two":[57],"layers,":[58],"placed":[59],"symmetrically":[60],"with":[61,142,184],"respect":[62,143],"middle,":[65],"produce":[66],"tilting":[68,86,99,123],"torque.":[69,87,106],"Winding":[70],"layouts":[71],"each":[76],"are":[78],"analytically":[79],"studied":[80],"for":[81],"decoupling":[82],"between":[83],"Furthermore,":[88],"six":[90],"steps":[91],"commutation":[92,108,129],"is":[93,111,132,156],"proposed":[94],"independently":[96],"control":[97,138,154,183],"torque":[100,109,130],"well":[102],"model":[110,131],"validated":[112],"by":[113],"moment":[115],"method":[116],"based":[117],"distributed":[118],"multipoles":[119],"according":[120],"various":[122],"angles":[124],"directions.":[126],"Then,":[127],"further":[133],"utilized":[134],"develop":[136],"open-loop":[137],"analyze":[140],"stability":[141],"equilibria.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"performance":[148],"system":[155],"verified":[157],"experimentally":[158],"using":[159],"commercial":[160],"drivers.":[165],"results":[167],"show":[168],"substantial":[170],"potential":[171],"automation":[177],"mobility":[179],"applications":[180],"requiring":[181],"orientation":[182],"high-speed":[185],"spinning.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
