{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367281203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3269477","title":"Energy Management Strategy Based on Optimal System Operation Loss for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle","display_name":"Energy Management Strategy Based on Optimal System Operation Loss for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367281203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3269477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3269477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3269477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056057129","display_name":"Tianhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-3761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-3761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091215379","display_name":"Yibin Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-2183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-2183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101753918","display_name":"Shuqi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9775-2650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuqi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9775-2650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735745","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-9731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954870","display_name":"Weirong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weirong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026651825","display_name":"Elena Breaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158333966","display_name":"Technical University of Cluj-Napoca","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8nwp71","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]}],"countries":["FR","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Breaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France","Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044521442","display_name":"Alexandre Ravey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Ravey","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-2408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006918284","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-9718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-9718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Belfort Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8999832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"2650","last_page":"2661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6434391140937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.5621455311775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5189261436462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5123804807662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4551111161708832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.45246151089668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.4514731764793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42511457204818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.39694494009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3867243528366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38369250297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35999828577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.21057981252670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15726658701896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12775969505310059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6434391140937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.5621455311775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5189261436462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5123804807662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4551111161708832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.45246151089668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.4514731764793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42511457204818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39694494009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3867243528366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38369250297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35999828577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.21057981252670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15726658701896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12775969505310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3269477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3269477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04528357v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04528357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2024, 71 (3), pp.2650-2661","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2284443956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2682023CX017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2929135145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSFSC0027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3666817118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"171104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334945","funder_display_name":"Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4218292401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52077180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6216369690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334945","display_name":"Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004899107","https://openalex.org/W2015009093","https://openalex.org/W2536725230","https://openalex.org/W2766491758","https://openalex.org/W2785483064","https://openalex.org/W2789455549","https://openalex.org/W2909174164","https://openalex.org/W2917448994","https://openalex.org/W2945337306","https://openalex.org/W2969828425","https://openalex.org/W2981391389","https://openalex.org/W2994055176","https://openalex.org/W3006997870","https://openalex.org/W3016723511","https://openalex.org/W3035930691","https://openalex.org/W3078337149","https://openalex.org/W3089447058","https://openalex.org/W3100310755","https://openalex.org/W3106031201","https://openalex.org/W3110211156","https://openalex.org/W3110735867","https://openalex.org/W3111607116","https://openalex.org/W3112666407","https://openalex.org/W3118304693","https://openalex.org/W3123377232","https://openalex.org/W3127612696","https://openalex.org/W3128504039","https://openalex.org/W3135171207","https://openalex.org/W3155264443","https://openalex.org/W3155945780","https://openalex.org/W3170373641","https://openalex.org/W3187117945","https://openalex.org/W3200246475","https://openalex.org/W4205477244","https://openalex.org/W4210693437","https://openalex.org/W4280610238","https://openalex.org/W4312219063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W4385625847","https://openalex.org/W3195056770","https://openalex.org/W2088536121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"operating":[1,34,89,103,134,244],"cost":[2,90,120,245],"and":[3,116,227,235,248],"deficient":[4],"longevity":[5],"of":[6,19,44,51,91,112,121,136,155,159,169,188,208],"stacks":[7],"are":[8],"the":[9,15,42,49,58,88,109,113,117,122,125,133,137,153,156,165,170,173,178,186,193,205,209,219,243],"two":[10],"primary":[11],"factors":[12],"that":[13,185,218],"hinder":[14],"widespread":[16],"commercial":[17],"usage":[18],"fuel":[20,37],"cell":[21],"(FC)":[22],"technology.":[23],"In":[24,146],"addition,":[25,147],"most":[26],"existing":[27],"strategies":[28],"concentrate":[29],"solely":[30],"on":[31,57,72],"ameliorating":[32],"system":[33,74],"efficiency":[35],"or":[36],"consumption,":[38],"without":[39],"fully":[40],"considering":[41],"impact":[43],"other":[45],"factors,":[46],"such":[47,81],"as":[48,82],"degradation":[50],"power":[52,83,114,143],"source":[53],"performance.":[54],"Thereby,":[55],"based":[56,71],"above":[59],"research":[60],"background,":[61],"in":[62,161,211],"this":[63,96,98,148],"article,":[64],"we":[65],"present":[66],"an":[67,196],"energy":[68],"management":[69],"strategy":[70,221,234],"optimal":[73],"operation":[75,175,206],"loss,":[76],"which":[77],"considers":[78,151],"various":[79],"parameters,":[80],"sources\u2019":[84],"durability,":[85],"to":[86,108,131,139,163,192,203],"minimize":[87],"electric":[92],"vehicles.":[93],"To":[94],"accomplish":[95],"objective,":[97],"study":[99,149],"formulates":[100],"a":[101],"life-cycle":[102],"loss":[104,111,127],"evaluation":[105],"function":[106],"related":[107,191],"lifetime":[110],"sources":[115],"hydrogen":[118,167,231],"consumption":[119,168,232],"FC.":[123],"Additionally,":[124,183],"voltage":[126],"is":[128,180,190,201],"also":[129,150,181],"utilized":[130],"evaluate":[132],"performance":[135,187],"FC":[138,189,210],"restrict":[140],"its":[141],"output":[142],"fluctuation":[144],"rate.":[145],"limiting":[152],"variation":[154],"battery's":[157],"state":[158,236],"charge":[160],"order":[162],"decrease":[164],"equivalent":[166,230],"system.":[171],"Moreover,":[172],"high-efficiency":[174],"zone":[176],"for":[177],"stack":[179],"divided.":[182],"given":[184],"working":[194],"condition,":[195],"extended":[197],"Kalman":[198],"filter":[199],"algorithm":[200],"used":[202],"update":[204],"parameters":[207],"real":[212],"time.":[213],"The":[214],"experimental":[215],"results":[216],"show":[217],"proposed":[220],"has":[222],"approximate":[223],"global":[224],"optimization":[225],"ability":[226],"compared":[228],"with":[229],"minimization":[233],"machine":[237],"control":[238],"strategy,":[239],"it":[240],"can":[241],"reduce":[242],"by":[246],"19.69%":[247],"28.18%,":[249],"respectively.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
