{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323338403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3250766","title":"Novel Coil Transducer Induced Thermoacoustic Detection of Rail Internal Defects Towards Intelligent Processing","display_name":"Novel Coil Transducer Induced Thermoacoustic Detection of Rail Internal Defects Towards Intelligent Processing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323338403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3250766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3250766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3250766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102727897","display_name":"Wensong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003936294","display_name":"Quqin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-2286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quqin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067695900","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-4272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057484459","display_name":"Zhongyuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-4353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076451293","display_name":"Jian Sheng Tay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Sheng Tay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058488059","display_name":"Kye Yak See","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-7627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kye Yak See","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-7627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016044907","display_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-367X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97981398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"2100","last_page":"2111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.8611198663711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.7337843179702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6125518679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4777452349662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-shielding","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","score":0.47217291593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-transducer","display_name":"Smart transducer","score":0.4352129101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3832654654979706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3612961173057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3544269800186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2753639221191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16368252038955688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.8611198663711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.7337843179702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6125518679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4777452349662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.47217291593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135984084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544087","display_name":"Smart transducer","level":3,"score":0.4352129101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3832654654979706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3612961173057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3544269800186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2753639221191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16368252038955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3250766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3250766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/172326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/172326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018008910","https://openalex.org/W2030964111","https://openalex.org/W2062670973","https://openalex.org/W2062881952","https://openalex.org/W2079444548","https://openalex.org/W2085550696","https://openalex.org/W2086600134","https://openalex.org/W2102689363","https://openalex.org/W2107315529","https://openalex.org/W2255023897","https://openalex.org/W2325108255","https://openalex.org/W2343136049","https://openalex.org/W2406523001","https://openalex.org/W2731508853","https://openalex.org/W2744245146","https://openalex.org/W2789323698","https://openalex.org/W2789374200","https://openalex.org/W2884938220","https://openalex.org/W2888509493","https://openalex.org/W2903817942","https://openalex.org/W2912507933","https://openalex.org/W2914730339","https://openalex.org/W2921725755","https://openalex.org/W2939355860","https://openalex.org/W2945160866","https://openalex.org/W2972088616","https://openalex.org/W2974529889","https://openalex.org/W2984431648","https://openalex.org/W2991466545","https://openalex.org/W3001314220","https://openalex.org/W3082879051","https://openalex.org/W3206865685","https://openalex.org/W6740906386","https://openalex.org/W6748930970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350888815","https://openalex.org/W4206782192","https://openalex.org/W1964331107","https://openalex.org/W4233253194","https://openalex.org/W1917032665","https://openalex.org/W2164675997","https://openalex.org/W268256","https://openalex.org/W2386769919","https://openalex.org/W2116381965","https://openalex.org/W2003995732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"resonant":[2],"tri-coil":[3,23],"transducer":[4,68,86,112,165,197],"is":[5,44,69,90,113,155,166],"proposed":[6,67,85,111,164,196],"to":[7,46,49,92,141,219],"induce":[8],"thermoacoustic":[9],"(TA)":[10],"signals":[11],"for":[12,36,115,159],"detecting":[13],"rail":[14,51,89,125,172,232],"internal":[15,52],"defects.":[16,53],"It":[17,71],"consists":[18],"of":[19,65,101,131,187,222],"a":[20,28,32,99,147,209],"ferrite":[21],"plate-backed":[22],"and":[24,31,38,60,76,87,103,119,157,203,213,230],"its":[25],"associated":[26],"circuits,":[27],"shielding":[29],"layer,":[30],"three-dimensional":[33],"printed":[34],"enclosure":[35],"supporting":[37],"securing.":[39],"General":[40],"TA":[41,117,137],"detection":[42],"theory":[43],"illustrated":[45],"understand":[47],"how":[48],"detect":[50],"For":[54],"achieving":[55],"electromagnetic":[56],"(EM)":[57],"field":[58],"shaping":[59],"focusing,":[61],"the":[62,66,84,88,107,110,163,169,179,223,225,228,231],"physical":[63],"structure":[64],"optimized.":[70],"reduces":[72],"backward":[73],"EM":[74],"fields":[75,207],"interference.":[77],"Then,":[78,162],"an":[79,184],"equivalent":[80],"circuit":[81],"model":[82,154],"between":[83,227],"constructed":[91],"analyze":[93],"optimal":[94],"power":[95],"transfer":[96],"efficiency":[97],"as":[98],"function":[100],"distance":[102,212],"frequency.":[104],"To":[105],"validate":[106],"design":[108],"concept,":[109],"fabricated":[114],"inducing":[116],"signals,":[118],"experiments":[120],"are":[121,133,139],"performed.":[122],"Several":[123],"engineered":[124],"specimens":[126],"(UIC-60E)":[127],"with":[128,208],"different":[129],"types":[130],"defects":[132,191],"prepared.":[134],"The":[135,195],"induced":[136],"waves":[138],"found":[140],"be":[142],"compressional.":[143],"With":[144],"selected":[145],"features,":[146],"support":[148],"vector":[149],"machine":[150],"algorithm-based":[151],"multinomial":[152],"classifier":[153],"trained":[156],"employed":[158],"intelligent":[160],"processing.":[161],"integrated":[167],"into":[168],"self-designed":[170,180],"automatic":[171],"monitoring":[173],"system.":[174],"Experimental":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"system":[181],"can":[182],"achieve":[183],"accuracy":[185],"rate":[186],"96.4%,":[188],"successfully":[189],"identifying":[190],"in":[192,201],"defect":[193],"classification.":[194],"has":[198,233],"low":[199],"cost":[200],"fabrication":[202],"maintenance,":[204],"focused":[205],"magnetic":[206],"large":[210],"lift-off":[211],"enhanced":[214],"acoustic":[215],"wave":[216],"intensity.":[217],"Compared":[218],"earlier":[220],"version":[221],"system,":[224],"spacing":[226],"transmitter":[229],"been":[234],"further":[235],"increased.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
