{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320713271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3243304","title":"Adaptive ECMS With Gear Shift Control by Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Neural Network for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Buses","display_name":"Adaptive ECMS With Gear Shift Control by Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Neural Network for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Buses","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320713271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3243304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3243304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3243304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782363","display_name":"Xiaodong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-3311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951050","display_name":"Zhijia Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-9671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijia Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-9671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067963864","display_name":"Mingzhou Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhou Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009014796","display_name":"Xiang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97873171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"667","last_page":"677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.718367338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.6205677390098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5801018476486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5789206624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5474954843521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5042406320571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.501060962677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.470523476600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.4263649880886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41218191385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3786219656467438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36706024408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33553221821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.28316715359687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.24619850516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1689947247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0847422182559967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.718367338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.6205677390098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5801018476486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5789206624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5474954843521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5042406320571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.501060962677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.470523476600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.4263649880886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41218191385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3786219656467438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36706024408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33553221821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.28316715359687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.24619850516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1689947247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0847422182559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3243304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3243304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W805852106","https://openalex.org/W1968922066","https://openalex.org/W2114915621","https://openalex.org/W2119781256","https://openalex.org/W2139508499","https://openalex.org/W2280562613","https://openalex.org/W2316073065","https://openalex.org/W2344953599","https://openalex.org/W2501655773","https://openalex.org/W2561145466","https://openalex.org/W2563126073","https://openalex.org/W2618149076","https://openalex.org/W2728105440","https://openalex.org/W2735199193","https://openalex.org/W2922677020","https://openalex.org/W2950890473","https://openalex.org/W2952366389","https://openalex.org/W2974193225","https://openalex.org/W2980923934","https://openalex.org/W2996110925","https://openalex.org/W2999650510","https://openalex.org/W3016964231","https://openalex.org/W3107489687","https://openalex.org/W3113174134","https://openalex.org/W3146127070","https://openalex.org/W3152665232","https://openalex.org/W3161076990","https://openalex.org/W3162372293","https://openalex.org/W3198793860","https://openalex.org/W4206711377","https://openalex.org/W4289537303","https://openalex.org/W4312835281","https://openalex.org/W4313069132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2545422590","https://openalex.org/W2613864214","https://openalex.org/W1988590764","https://openalex.org/W2120878834","https://openalex.org/W4205770699","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W2589468774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,109,132],"plug-in":[1],"hybrid":[2],"electric":[3],"bus":[4],"(PHEB)":[5],"is":[6,56,164,177],"an":[7,18,87],"important":[8],"means":[9],"of":[10,38,172,175],"public":[11],"transportation.":[12],"For":[13,31,80],"PHEB,":[14],"this":[15,83],"article":[16,84],"proposes":[17],"energy":[19],"management":[20],"strategy":[21,93,112,138,148],"that":[22,66,135],"considers":[23],"both":[24],"gear":[25,32],"shift":[26,33],"control":[27,111],"and":[28,95,145],"power":[29],"splitting.":[30],"control,":[34,82],"a":[35],"large":[36],"number":[37],"gear-switching":[39,72],"data":[40,60],"under":[41,118,149],"different":[42],"working":[43],"conditions":[44,121],"are":[45],"calculated":[46],"by":[47,58,125,167],"using":[48],"the":[49,62,70,77,97,105,129,136,146,150,157,161,170,173],"dynamic":[50,158],"programming":[51,159],"algorithm.":[52],"neural":[54],"network":[55],"trained":[57],"these":[59],"in":[61,74,76],"offline":[63],"part":[64],"so":[65],"it":[67],"can":[68],"provide":[69],"appropriate":[71],"signal":[73],"time":[75],"online":[78],"model.":[79],"power-split":[81],"mainly":[85],"selects":[86],"improved":[88],"equivalent":[89,107],"fuel":[90,141,162],"consumption":[91,163],"minimization":[92],"(ECMS)":[94],"uses":[96],"grey":[98],"wolf":[99],"optimization":[100],"algorithm":[101],"to":[102],"iteratively":[103],"solve":[104],"optimal":[106],"factor.":[108],"proposed":[110,137],"has":[113,139],"not":[114],"only":[115,165],"been":[116],"verified":[117,124],"various":[119],"operating":[120,153],"but":[122,169],"also":[123],"relevant":[126],"experiments":[127],"on":[128],"hardware-in-the-loop":[130],"platform.":[131],"results":[133],"show":[134],"better":[140],"economy":[142],"than":[143],"ECMS":[144],"rule-based":[147],"provided":[151],"mixed":[152],"conditions.":[154],"Compared":[155],"with":[156],"algorithm,":[160],"increased":[166],"3.23%,":[168],"problem":[171],"curse":[174],"dimensionality":[176],"avoided.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
