{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312941096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3210517","title":"Hierarchical Control With Voltage Balancing and Energy Management for Bipolar DC Microgrid","display_name":"Hierarchical Control With Voltage Balancing and Energy Management for Bipolar DC Microgrid","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312941096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3210517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3210517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3210517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695696","display_name":"Sunghun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Hun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7798-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070455663","display_name":"Hyung-Jun Byun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Jun Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-0313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023456564","display_name":"Won-Sang Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-1138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Sang Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-1138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026986287","display_name":"Junsin Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-0035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-0035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039928967","display_name":"Chung-Yuen Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-3052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Yuen Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-3052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100695696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91512745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"9147","last_page":"9157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.9177055358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.755333423614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6272988319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4870608150959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.44545745849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.42509448528289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.423930287361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4149319529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.404399037361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39664751291275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3769212067127228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3704347014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.31116414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source","display_name":"Voltage source","score":0.2733995318412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.23438340425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10961103439331055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.9177055358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.755333423614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6272988319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4870608150959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.44545745849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.42509448528289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.423930287361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4149319529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.404399037361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39664751291275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3769212067127228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3704347014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.31116414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.2733995318412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.23438340425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10961103439331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3210517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3210517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8574695243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C2007216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1985243428","https://openalex.org/W1999912594","https://openalex.org/W2111965280","https://openalex.org/W2490465545","https://openalex.org/W2590096781","https://openalex.org/W2605979206","https://openalex.org/W2739411409","https://openalex.org/W2743171141","https://openalex.org/W2743501537","https://openalex.org/W2745361287","https://openalex.org/W2768016336","https://openalex.org/W2769222387","https://openalex.org/W2772974244","https://openalex.org/W2773069553","https://openalex.org/W2916876825","https://openalex.org/W2972905278","https://openalex.org/W2973509607","https://openalex.org/W2997741998","https://openalex.org/W3011003343","https://openalex.org/W3036072367","https://openalex.org/W3042014775","https://openalex.org/W3043430498","https://openalex.org/W3112199919","https://openalex.org/W3113334803","https://openalex.org/W3114461009","https://openalex.org/W3138555657","https://openalex.org/W3197854819","https://openalex.org/W3217061123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3132792237","https://openalex.org/W2349700491","https://openalex.org/W2168694011","https://openalex.org/W3132497606","https://openalex.org/W4210526872","https://openalex.org/W2902030441","https://openalex.org/W2895708895","https://openalex.org/W2377871876","https://openalex.org/W2996701762","https://openalex.org/W2367796373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bipolar":[0],"dc":[1,19,45,65,143,158],"microgrid":[2],"(MG)":[3],"based":[4,59,130],"on":[5,60,131],"two":[6],"voltage":[7,31,54,98,106],"levels":[8],"with":[9,53,74,165],"three":[10,81,88],"wires":[11],"has":[12],"higher":[13],"reliability":[14],"and":[15,29,56,83,97,112,160,167],"flexibility":[16],"than":[17],"unipolar":[18],"MG.":[20,46,144],"However,":[21],"the":[22,30,33,37,40,61,84,110,117,121,148],"voltages":[23,38],"of":[24,32,39,63,141,147],"bipolar":[25,41,44,64,142,157],"buses":[26,42,82,89],"are":[27,90,101,152],"coupled":[28,75],"PN":[34],"bus":[35],"affects":[36],"in":[43,93],"In":[47],"this":[48],"article,":[49],"a":[50,127,155],"hierarchical":[51,119,150],"control":[52,129,151],"balancing":[55,96],"energy":[57],"management":[58,140],"characteristics":[62],"MG":[66,159],"is":[67,124,136,163],"proposed.":[68],"To":[69,115],"perform":[70],"distributed":[71],"power":[72],"sharing":[73],"voltages,":[76],"droop-based":[77],"primary":[78],"controls":[79,100],"for":[80,105,138],"coupling":[85],"relationships":[86],"between":[87],"analyzed.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"secondary":[94],"control,":[95,120],"restoration":[99],"proposed":[102,118,137,149],"to":[103],"compensate":[104],"drops":[107],"caused":[108],"by":[109,154],"balanced":[111],"unbalanced":[113],"loads.":[114],"design":[116],"stability":[122],"analysis":[123,162],"performed.":[125],"Additionally,":[126],"tertiary":[128],"an":[132],"artificial":[133],"neural":[134],"network":[135],"state-of-charge":[139],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"verified":[153],"lab-scale":[156],"performance":[161],"performed":[164],"experimental":[166],"ideal":[168],"results.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
