{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313142016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3208593","title":"Reducing Leakage Current Using LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit in AMOLED Smartwatch Displays","display_name":"Reducing Leakage Current Using LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit in AMOLED Smartwatch Displays","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313142016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3208593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3208593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3208593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060570866","display_name":"Chih\u2010Lung Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Lung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4948-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068033941","display_name":"Po\u2010Cheng Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125732723","display_name":"AU Optronics (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0564r0810","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Cheng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004990801","display_name":"Jui\u2010Hung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-5745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jui-Hung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-5745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017347149","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chien Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chien Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014298679","display_name":"Po\u2010Chun Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125732723","display_name":"AU Optronics (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0564r0810","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Chun Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038335052","display_name":"Li\u2010Wei Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125732723","display_name":"AU Optronics (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0564r0810","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Wei Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125732723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060570866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86881756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"8588","last_page":"8597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amoled","display_name":"AMOLED","score":0.9459986090660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-transistor","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","score":0.7511297464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oled","display_name":"OLED","score":0.6947926878929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6355233192443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-matrix","display_name":"Active matrix","score":0.6206492185592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5347610712051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5141263604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44700926542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.41479605436325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3258967399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1629437506198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09721598029136658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101050124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527747","display_name":"AMOLED","level":5,"score":0.9459986090660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87359718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","level":3,"score":0.7511297464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150759737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209593","display_name":"OLED","level":3,"score":0.6947926878929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6355233192443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70201059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142195","display_name":"Active matrix","level":4,"score":0.6206492185592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5347610712051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5141263604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44700926542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.41479605436325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3258967399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1629437506198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09721598029136658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3208593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3208593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8898518011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111-2218-E-006-011-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/02w030k33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965987551","https://openalex.org/W1976857071","https://openalex.org/W1995324921","https://openalex.org/W2061746260","https://openalex.org/W2100456133","https://openalex.org/W2102596102","https://openalex.org/W2123745974","https://openalex.org/W2159482744","https://openalex.org/W2541599203","https://openalex.org/W2547459900","https://openalex.org/W2575704310","https://openalex.org/W2588680807","https://openalex.org/W2756806783","https://openalex.org/W2789590702","https://openalex.org/W2805263427","https://openalex.org/W2896056093","https://openalex.org/W2901972250","https://openalex.org/W2902481791","https://openalex.org/W2912277504","https://openalex.org/W2922401620","https://openalex.org/W2947423012","https://openalex.org/W2974866291","https://openalex.org/W3007896157","https://openalex.org/W3007990995","https://openalex.org/W3013523637","https://openalex.org/W3020489726","https://openalex.org/W3036700343","https://openalex.org/W3081121518","https://openalex.org/W3151217854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474145970","https://openalex.org/W2156929029","https://openalex.org/W2155399297","https://openalex.org/W2529114786","https://openalex.org/W2539175739","https://openalex.org/W1955881988","https://openalex.org/W1599656195","https://openalex.org/W4293252748","https://openalex.org/W2337428031","https://openalex.org/W2015214974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,11,36,97,169],"new":[4,37],"pixel":[5,95,121,155],"circuit":[6,34,122,156],"that":[7,110,152],"is":[8,105],"operated":[9],"at":[10,46,140],"low":[12,170],"frame":[13,141,171],"rate":[14],"using":[15],"low-temperature":[16],"polycrystalline":[17],"silicon":[18],"thin-film":[19],"transistors":[20],"(TFTs)":[21],"for":[22,162],"use":[23,163],"in":[24,80,164],"active-matrix":[25],"organic":[26],"light-emitting":[27],"diode":[28],"(AMOLED)":[29],"smartwatch":[30,166],"displays.":[31],"The":[32,131],"proposed":[33,94,103,154],"uses":[35],"leakage-prevention":[38],"method":[39],"(LPM)":[40],"to":[41,84,123,146],"balance":[42],"the":[43,47,51,55,58,68,73,81,90,93,102,112,116,120,125,128,153],"off":[44,78,113],"currents":[45,63,114],"gate":[48],"node":[49],"of":[50,57,92,119,127,133],"driving":[52,59,117],"TFTs,":[53],"eliminating":[54],"drop":[56],"voltage.":[60],"Uniform":[61],"OLED":[62],"are":[64,75,149],"thus":[65],"generated":[66],"throughout":[67],"extended":[69],"emission":[70,82],"period.":[71],"Also,":[72],"OLEDs":[74],"all":[76],"turned":[77],"except":[79],"stage":[83],"suppress":[85],"image":[86],"flicker.":[87],"To":[88],"confirm":[89],"feasibility":[91],"circuit,":[96,104],"1.41-inch":[98],"panel,":[99],"based":[100],"on":[101],"fabricated.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"demonstrate":[109],"diminishing":[111],"maintains":[115],"capability":[118],"stabilize":[124],"luminance":[126],"fabricated":[129],"panel.":[130],"exhibitions":[132],"red,":[134],"green,":[135],"blue,":[136],"and":[137],"white":[138],"images":[139],"rates":[142],"from":[143],"60":[144],"Hz":[145,148],"15":[147],"uniform,":[150],"verifying":[151],"with":[157,168],"LPM":[158],"has":[159],"high":[160],"potential":[161],"AMOLED":[165],"displays":[167],"rate.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
