{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296425723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3206702","title":"Intelligent Diagnosis of Abnormal Charging for Electric Bicycles Based on Improved Dynamic Time Warping","display_name":"Intelligent Diagnosis of Abnormal Charging for Electric Bicycles Based on Improved Dynamic Time Warping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296425723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3206702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3206702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3206702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058108393","display_name":"Chunyan Shuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-2697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-2697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077878309","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-0741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755609","display_name":"Xiaoqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3942-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063786581","display_name":"Fang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111040658","display_name":"Xin Ouyang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750920","display_name":"Zheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-7231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78200414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"7","first_page":"7280","last_page":"7289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9355999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.8764218091964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6053482294082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.590156078338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.5161662697792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5059959292411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.46964284777641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.41231685876846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.37108099460601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3581250309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3515721559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3347175121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30070608854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3003580570220947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.8764218091964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053482294082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.590156078338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.5161662697792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5059959292411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.46964284777641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41231685876846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.37108099460601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3581250309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3515721559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3347175121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30070608854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3003580570220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3206702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3206702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635910958","display_name":"\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e1a\u4e3b\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u6548\u5e94\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71864002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593451031","https://openalex.org/W1652931892","https://openalex.org/W1954127358","https://openalex.org/W1968289204","https://openalex.org/W2018035084","https://openalex.org/W2024243150","https://openalex.org/W2059571850","https://openalex.org/W2070429385","https://openalex.org/W2077162392","https://openalex.org/W2081698204","https://openalex.org/W2084616221","https://openalex.org/W2105457945","https://openalex.org/W2113540758","https://openalex.org/W2123427204","https://openalex.org/W2296172419","https://openalex.org/W2370427238","https://openalex.org/W2410961113","https://openalex.org/W2618037459","https://openalex.org/W2774967590","https://openalex.org/W2778103415","https://openalex.org/W2781839305","https://openalex.org/W2792705096","https://openalex.org/W2803697484","https://openalex.org/W2809338676","https://openalex.org/W2903434285","https://openalex.org/W2988244882","https://openalex.org/W2995189134","https://openalex.org/W3014833208","https://openalex.org/W3026881828","https://openalex.org/W3127368173","https://openalex.org/W3151015969","https://openalex.org/W3155219975","https://openalex.org/W3205125745","https://openalex.org/W3216880095","https://openalex.org/W6604828220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341338763","https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2950183183","https://openalex.org/W2030799363","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2032415964","https://openalex.org/W2288425735","https://openalex.org/W2349923317","https://openalex.org/W2894081631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"penetration":[2],"of":[3,15,29,91,103,134,171],"electric":[4,186],"bicycles":[5],"(E-bicycles)":[6],"raises":[7],"numerous":[8],"charging":[9,16,36,47,54,70,80,94,125,141,159,182],"safety":[10,17,55,183],"concerns.":[11],"However,":[12],"online":[13],"diagnosis":[14,57],"for":[18],"E-bicycles":[19],"remains":[20],"challenging":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,87,116,121,180,196],"the":[24,60,75,88,101,124,132,139,151,157,164,174],"limited":[25],"data":[26],"and":[27,38,45,78,96,129,162,169,188,192],"involvement":[28],"multiple":[30],"factors,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33,117],"battery,":[34],"charger,":[35],"mode,":[37],"user":[39,97],"behavior.":[40],"To":[41],"overcome":[42],"this":[43,49,137],"difficulty":[44],"promote":[46],"safety,":[48],"article":[50],"proposes":[51],"a":[52],"nonintrusive":[53],"intelligent":[56],"scheme":[58],"on":[59,100],"inputted":[61],"power":[62],"grid":[63,76],"side.":[64],"First,":[65],"more":[66],"than":[67],"150":[68],"000":[69],"records":[71],"are":[72,83],"collected":[73],"from":[74],"side,":[77],"various":[79],"current":[81,126],"patterns":[82],"formally":[84],"identified":[85],"according":[86],"working":[89],"principles":[90],"different":[92],"batteries,":[93],"modes,":[95],"behaviors.":[98],"Then,":[99],"basis":[102],"longest":[104],"similar":[105,181],"substring":[106],"(LSS),":[107],"an":[108],"improved":[109],"dynamic":[110],"time":[111],"warping":[112],"(DTW)":[113],"model,":[114],"referred":[115],"LSS-DTW,":[118],"is":[119],"established":[120],"efficiently":[122],"identify":[123],"profile":[127],"similarities":[128],"meanwhile":[130],"restrict":[131],"overregularization":[133],"DTW.":[135],"By":[136],"manner,":[138],"abnormal":[140],"processes":[142,160],"can":[143,155,177],"be":[144,178],"accurately":[145],"identified.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"results":[148],"reveal":[149],"that":[150],"built":[152],"LSS-DTW":[153],"model":[154],"distinguish":[156],"unsafe":[158],"online,":[161],"achieve":[163],"average":[165],"identification":[166],"precision,":[167],"recall,":[168],"F1-score":[170],"94%.":[172],"Furthermore,":[173],"proposed":[175],"algorithm":[176],"extended":[179],"identifications":[184],"in":[185],"vehicles":[187],"other":[189],"battery-powered":[190],"systems":[191],"provides":[193],"early":[194],"warnings":[195],"avoid":[197],"catastrophic":[198],"consequences.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
