{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226199023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3167142","title":"Practical State of Health Estimation for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Batteries Based on Gaussian Mixture Regression and Incremental Capacity Analysis","display_name":"Practical State of Health Estimation for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Batteries Based on Gaussian Mixture Regression and Incremental Capacity Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226199023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3167142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3167142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3167142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218722","display_name":"Zhongkai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-9225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongkai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-9225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060117769","display_name":"Bin Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3302-1900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3302-1900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035209807","display_name":"Yongzhe Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhe Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-1624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029531312","display_name":"Yunlong Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-0677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-0677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064071876","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-3965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641479","display_name":"Chenghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91877676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"2576","last_page":"2585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6175612807273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5669316649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-health","display_name":"State of health","score":0.5660955905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5636296272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49024301767349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4895852506160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.4501131772994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.4478038549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42654576897621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37584540247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3272453248500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29911381006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22167617082595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16056117415428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.12831217050552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08168533444404602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6175612807273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5669316649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777294910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4050070","display_name":"State of health","level":4,"score":0.5660955905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5636296272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49024301767349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4895852506160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4501131772994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.4478038549423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42654576897621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37584540247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3272453248500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29911381006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22167617082595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16056117415428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.12831217050552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08168533444404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3167142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3167142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3516814741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020QF059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5408015442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6522946128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1964207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6556837647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62133007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7700775175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QF096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8766066678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1764258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1987711250","https://openalex.org/W2028618057","https://openalex.org/W2064224999","https://openalex.org/W2083808869","https://openalex.org/W2088924893","https://openalex.org/W2089340434","https://openalex.org/W2140123645","https://openalex.org/W2201263372","https://openalex.org/W2559769392","https://openalex.org/W2605214675","https://openalex.org/W2609434102","https://openalex.org/W2623017850","https://openalex.org/W2624326750","https://openalex.org/W2624661965","https://openalex.org/W2759525351","https://openalex.org/W2767663538","https://openalex.org/W2799847730","https://openalex.org/W2809318506","https://openalex.org/W2891625916","https://openalex.org/W2892158412","https://openalex.org/W2901355765","https://openalex.org/W2902310650","https://openalex.org/W2985451038","https://openalex.org/W3013372615","https://openalex.org/W3087466042","https://openalex.org/W3092068253","https://openalex.org/W3100042739","https://openalex.org/W3114521069","https://openalex.org/W3132073344","https://openalex.org/W3160853609","https://openalex.org/W3171004415","https://openalex.org/W4250402431","https://openalex.org/W6629510986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991588090","https://openalex.org/W4389055065","https://openalex.org/W3213052590","https://openalex.org/W2995074223","https://openalex.org/W176011693","https://openalex.org/W2068485218","https://openalex.org/W4376058722","https://openalex.org/W3034877844","https://openalex.org/W4225996487","https://openalex.org/W4200404188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"accuracy,":[1],"high":[2],"adaptability":[3,129],"and":[4,50,63,103,179,184],"low":[5],"complexity":[6,140],"have":[7],"always":[8],"been":[9],"the":[10,57,61,64,73,77,104,112,118,128,131,139,142,157,163,180],"goals":[11],"of":[12,15,67,76,94,107,114,130,141,149,159],"on-board":[13],"state":[14],"health":[16],"(SoH)":[17],"estimation":[18,36,105],"in":[19,117],"a":[20,33],"well-designed":[21],"battery":[22],"management":[23],"system":[24],"for":[25,38,175],"electric":[26],"vehicles.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"article,":[30],"we":[31],"proposed":[32,143],"practical":[34],"SoH":[35,62,108,166],"method":[37,144],"LiFePO":[39,68],"<sub":[40,69],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[41,70],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">4</sub>":[42,71],"batteries":[43,95],"based":[44,171],"on":[45,172],"Gaussian":[46,101],"mixture":[47],"regression":[48],"(GMR)":[49],"incremental":[51],"capacity":[52,82,92,124,164],"(IC)":[53],"analysis.":[54],"According":[55],"to":[56,84,126,134],"close":[58],"correlation":[59],"between":[60],"IC":[65],"curve":[66,78,119],"battery,":[72],"peak":[74,161],"coordinates":[75,113,158],"are":[79,120,189],"extracted":[80],"as":[81,123,162],"feature":[83,125],"train":[85],"an":[86],"aging":[87,132],"model":[88,133],"using":[89],"GMR.":[90],"The":[91,152],"degradation":[93],"is":[96,109,145],"well":[97],"described":[98],"by":[99],"multiple":[100],"distributions,":[102],"accuracy":[106],"improved.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"three":[115],"peaks":[116],"separately":[121],"analyzed":[122],"enhance":[127],"different":[135,176],"charging":[136],"regions.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"compared":[146],"with":[147],"that":[148,155],"other":[150],"methods.":[151],"results":[153],"show":[154],"taking":[156],"any":[160],"feature,":[165],"can":[167],"be":[168],"accurately":[169],"estimated":[170],"GMR":[173],"even":[174],"tested":[177],"batteries,":[178],"mean":[181,186],"absolute":[182],"error":[183,188],"root":[185],"square":[187],"both":[190],"less":[191],"than":[192],"1%.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}