{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213452288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3151963","title":"Comparative Study of Yokeless Stator Axial-Flux PM Machines Having Fractional Slot Concentrated and Integral Slot Distributed Windings for Electric Vehicle Traction Applications","display_name":"Comparative Study of Yokeless Stator Axial-Flux PM Machines Having Fractional Slot Concentrated and Integral Slot Distributed Windings for Electric Vehicle Traction Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213452288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3151963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3151963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3151963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037842569","display_name":"Weiwei Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-3881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-3881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072763681","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378361","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-0499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-0499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010211225","display_name":"Jining Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-1628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jining Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061772046","display_name":"Jian Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652268","display_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-9328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-9328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037842569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97942564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"155","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armature","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","score":0.8002179861068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.688614010810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.655058741569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-density","display_name":"Torque density","score":0.5851992964744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5833649039268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.5199693441390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.513664186000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction-motor","display_name":"Traction motor","score":0.5087769627571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.46986350417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.46776363253593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.44016796350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4393150806427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.4359838366508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.4180963337421417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3661832809448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2260248064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.22382324934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17042401432991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.14888983964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13523775339126587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93671265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557042","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","level":3,"score":0.8002179861068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.688614010810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.655058741569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780932299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826794","display_name":"Torque density","level":3,"score":0.5851992964744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5833649039268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.5199693441390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.513664186000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136269787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392476","display_name":"Traction motor","level":2,"score":0.5087769627571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.46986350417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.46776363253593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44016796350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4393150806427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.4359838366508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.4180963337421417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3661832809448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2260248064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.22382324934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17042401432991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.14888983964920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13523775339126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3151963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3151963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442573791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2021016-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921616022","https://openalex.org/W1985334254","https://openalex.org/W1986197036","https://openalex.org/W2034069089","https://openalex.org/W2050300973","https://openalex.org/W2095266365","https://openalex.org/W2097380867","https://openalex.org/W2100132470","https://openalex.org/W2130088008","https://openalex.org/W2151742948","https://openalex.org/W2155509595","https://openalex.org/W2158293038","https://openalex.org/W2160314702","https://openalex.org/W2162645711","https://openalex.org/W2285663266","https://openalex.org/W2293887161","https://openalex.org/W2306357156","https://openalex.org/W2311970178","https://openalex.org/W2320377497","https://openalex.org/W2320766642","https://openalex.org/W2323589649","https://openalex.org/W2327641358","https://openalex.org/W2343551928","https://openalex.org/W2344365254","https://openalex.org/W2577821428","https://openalex.org/W2599896192","https://openalex.org/W2616364189","https://openalex.org/W2806471383","https://openalex.org/W2902045536","https://openalex.org/W2903838053","https://openalex.org/W2909972755","https://openalex.org/W2922336534","https://openalex.org/W2933502060","https://openalex.org/W2946673703","https://openalex.org/W2966121889","https://openalex.org/W2978312330","https://openalex.org/W2980999071","https://openalex.org/W2997480471","https://openalex.org/W3013564278","https://openalex.org/W3022625011","https://openalex.org/W3075257391","https://openalex.org/W3162326695","https://openalex.org/W3163186188","https://openalex.org/W3211534514","https://openalex.org/W3217619354","https://openalex.org/W4200032379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138408355","https://openalex.org/W2561476052","https://openalex.org/W2522682714","https://openalex.org/W4383748009","https://openalex.org/W3088030513","https://openalex.org/W2742758643","https://openalex.org/W2336393509","https://openalex.org/W4389722876","https://openalex.org/W3139759424","https://openalex.org/W2903065582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,21,69,97,136,144,213,252],"the":[2,25,35,70,79,85,98,104,111,118,147,164,186,192,199,215,226,254,257,264],"high-power":[3,63],"density":[4,64],"and":[5,47,52,65,73,149,155,175,188,222,250],"compact":[6],"structure,":[7],"axial-flux":[8],"permanent":[9,131],"magnet":[10,132],"(AFPM)":[11],"machines":[12,40,92,134,170,195,233],"have":[13,57],"gradually":[14],"received":[15],"much":[16,59],"attention":[17,60],"with":[18,41,171,245],"a":[19,94,205,240],"view":[20],"researching":[22],"breakthroughs":[23],"in":[24,34,90,126,182],"next":[26],"generation":[27],"electric":[28,32,114,161,200],"drive":[29],"technology":[30],"for":[31,61,113,160,198,234],"vehicles":[33],"recent":[36],"decades.":[37],"The":[38],"AFPM":[39,159,169,194,232,243],"factional":[42],"slot":[43],"concentrated":[44,71],"winding":[45,72,122,153,173,229],"(FSCW)":[46],"yokeless":[48,241],"stator,":[49],"namely":[50],"yokeless,":[51],"segmented":[53],"armature":[54,87,139],"(YASA)":[55],"motors,":[56],"drawn":[58],"its":[62,137],"potential":[66],"manufacturability":[67],"due":[68,135],"modular":[74],"stator":[75,242],"core":[76],"configuration.":[77],"However,":[78],"significant":[80],"rotor":[81,99,156,176],"loss":[82],"resulting":[83],"from":[84],"abundant":[86],"reaction":[88,140],"harmonics":[89],"FSCW":[91],"imposes":[93],"great":[95],"challenge":[96],"heat":[100],"dissipation,":[101],"especially":[102],"when":[103],"pursuit":[105],"of":[106,151,158,167,191,228,231,256],"higher":[107],"speed":[108,128],"has":[109],"become":[110],"trend":[112],"vehicle":[115,162,201,236],"applications.":[116],"On":[117],"other":[119],"hand,":[120],"distributed":[121],"is":[123,211,237,248],"widely":[124],"used":[125],"high":[127],"radial":[129],"flux":[130],"(PM)":[133],"low":[138],"harmonics.":[141],"In":[142],"order":[143],"figure":[145],"out":[146],"advantages":[148],"disadvantages":[150],"various":[152,172],"arrangement":[154],"configuration":[157,247],"applications,":[163],"comparative":[165],"study":[166],"four":[168,193],"configurations":[174],"PM":[177],"arrangements":[178],"are":[179,196],"comprehensively":[180],"conducted":[181,197],"this":[183],"article.":[184],"First,":[185],"design":[187],"primary":[189],"optimization":[190],"requirement":[202],"specifications.":[203],"Then,":[204],"comprehensive":[206],"three-dimensional":[207],"finite-element":[208],"analysis":[209],"(FEA)":[210],"employed":[212],"compare":[214],"electromagnetic":[216],"performance":[217],"including":[218],"torque/power":[219],"density,":[220],"efficiency,":[221],"flux-weakening":[223],"capacity.":[224],"Furthermore,":[225],"guideline":[227],"selection":[230],"electrical":[235],"given.":[238],"Finally,":[239],"prototype":[244],"ISDW":[246],"manufactured":[249],"tested":[251],"verify":[253],"validity":[255],"FEA":[258],"results,":[259],"as":[260,262],"well":[261],"confirm":[263],"comparison":[265],"conclusion.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}