{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212853428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3150114","title":"Blind-Zone-Free Metal Object Detection for Wireless EV Chargers Employing DD Coils by Passive Electromagnetic Sensing","display_name":"Blind-Zone-Free Metal Object Detection for Wireless EV Chargers Employing DD Coils by Passive Electromagnetic Sensing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212853428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3150114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3150114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3150114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101865585","display_name":"Songyan Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-8207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyan Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-8207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068246264","display_name":"Shuangxia Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangxia Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060464849","display_name":"Cheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-8885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049823092","display_name":"Linni Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-2835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linni Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-2835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81693342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"965","last_page":"974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.8624835014343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5250071287155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5143696069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.47633177042007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3814578354358673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3743947744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3579959273338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31701624393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13445651531219482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.8624835014343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5250071287155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5143696069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.47633177042007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3814578354358673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3743947744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3579959273338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31701624393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13445651531219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3150114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2022.3150114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013534085","https://openalex.org/W2050928834","https://openalex.org/W2089471207","https://openalex.org/W2105069563","https://openalex.org/W2156965126","https://openalex.org/W2466434255","https://openalex.org/W2766028707","https://openalex.org/W2779383716","https://openalex.org/W2789305177","https://openalex.org/W2802987866","https://openalex.org/W2900898878","https://openalex.org/W2935105285","https://openalex.org/W2945810803","https://openalex.org/W2947283814","https://openalex.org/W2956212645","https://openalex.org/W2964677480","https://openalex.org/W2965100070","https://openalex.org/W2968131937","https://openalex.org/W2969371849","https://openalex.org/W2970974462","https://openalex.org/W3011991632","https://openalex.org/W3042681228","https://openalex.org/W3045092131","https://openalex.org/W3047732110","https://openalex.org/W3117975512","https://openalex.org/W6628609376","https://openalex.org/W6683544038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387913980","https://openalex.org/W1975610155","https://openalex.org/W3006431574","https://openalex.org/W1665010961","https://openalex.org/W4237158276","https://openalex.org/W3100052852","https://openalex.org/W2969326237","https://openalex.org/W3036340821","https://openalex.org/W2163073288","https://openalex.org/W2337245573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metal":[0],"object":[1],"detection":[2],"(MOD)":[3],"is":[4,23,81,105,166],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,28,56,173],"the":[7,43,63,103,114,126,153,159,169,174,178,190],"safe":[8],"operation":[9],"of":[10,36,78,102,128],"ground-assembled":[11],"wireless":[12],"electric":[13],"vehicle":[14],"charging":[15],"(WEVC)":[16],"systems.":[17],"Electromagnetic":[18],"sensing":[19,37,79,155],"by":[20,107,124,133,137],"passive":[21],"coils":[22,38,47,80,156],"a":[24,75,149],"reliable":[25],"MOD":[26],"method":[27],"high-power":[29],"applications,":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32,168],"WEVC.":[33],"Previous":[34],"designs":[35],"are":[39,53],"mainly":[40,84],"targeted":[41],"at":[42,86],"systems":[44],"with":[45,58],"unpolarized":[46],"(e.g.,":[48],"circular":[49],"coils).":[50],"However,":[51],"they":[52],"not":[54],"suitable":[55],"those":[57],"DD-coil-coupling":[59],"engaged":[60],"due":[61],"to":[62],"fundamentally":[64],"different":[65],"field":[66,104],"pattern.":[67],"To":[68],"fix":[69],"this":[70,73],"problem,":[71],"in":[72,193],"article,":[74],"field-oriented":[76],"design":[77],"proposed,":[82],"which":[83],"aims":[85],"blind-zone":[87],"elimination":[88],"while":[89],"maintaining":[90],"high":[91],"sensitivity":[92],"and":[93],"cost-effectiveness.":[94],"The":[95],"blind":[96,116,141,161,176],"zone":[97],"arising":[98],"from":[99],"axial":[100,160],"symmetry":[101],"removed":[106],"size-modulated":[108],"C-shape":[109],"coil":[110,123,181],"units.":[111],"And":[112],"removing":[113],"central":[115,175],"spot":[117,142],"relies":[118],"on":[119],"an":[120],"extra":[121],"patch":[122,180],"utilizing":[125],"characteristic":[127],"parallel":[129],"magnetic":[130],"flux":[131],"generated":[132],"DD":[134],"coils.":[135],"Tested":[136],"13":[138],"positions":[139],"(central":[140],"excluded)":[143],"where":[144],"MOs":[145],"might":[146],"exist":[147],"using":[148],"3-kW":[150],"WEVC":[151],"prototype,":[152],"optimized":[154],"completely":[157],"remove":[158],"zones":[162],"when":[163],"50":[164],"mV":[165],"set":[167],"threshold":[170],"voltage.":[171],"Moreover,":[172],"spot,":[177],"proposed":[179],"can":[182],"stably":[183],"identify":[184],"MO":[185],"intrusion":[186],"no":[187],"matter":[188],"if":[189],"prototype":[191],"operates":[192],"light-load":[194],"or":[195],"heavy-load":[196],"conditions.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}