{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200135689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3137595","title":"Hierarchical Pigeon-Inspired Optimization-Based MPPT Method for Photovoltaic Systems Under Complex Partial Shading Conditions","display_name":"Hierarchical Pigeon-Inspired Optimization-Based MPPT Method for Photovoltaic Systems Under Complex Partial Shading Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200135689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3137595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3137595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3137595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/23864/3/FullText.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090520695","display_name":"Zhuoli Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-0614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoli Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-0614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394512","display_name":"Mingyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-3971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034785385","display_name":"Zehan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-5302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081341093","display_name":"Yuewu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18570673","display_name":"Guangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02fj6b627","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18570673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuewu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric and Information Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-0121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric and Information Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18570673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080372383","display_name":"Runting Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-1775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runting Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066359321","display_name":"Juntao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-5761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057445240","display_name":"Ping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-0489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022822400","display_name":"Chun Sing Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Sing Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Brunel Interdisciplinary Power Systems Research Centre, Brunel University London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Brunel Interdisciplinary Power Systems Research Centre, Brunel University London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649899","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-9310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Grid Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Grid Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029853791","display_name":"Loi Lei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loi Lei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7709093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"10","first_page":"10129","last_page":"10143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.9176816940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.666122317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5683133602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4958978593349457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.49052494764328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4124208390712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3454483151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2703009247779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19243338704109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.06053963303565979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.9176816940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.666122317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5683133602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4958978593349457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.49052494764328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4124208390712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3454483151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2703009247779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19243338704109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.06053963303565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3137595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3137595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/23864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/23864","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/23864/3/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/23864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/23864","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/23864/3/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8310003514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515410009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8681392936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200135689.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200135689.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1971478778","https://openalex.org/W1975520369","https://openalex.org/W2020541304","https://openalex.org/W2028230875","https://openalex.org/W2051900843","https://openalex.org/W2068415479","https://openalex.org/W2109490242","https://openalex.org/W2122032069","https://openalex.org/W2152132532","https://openalex.org/W2153460300","https://openalex.org/W2155546972","https://openalex.org/W2164572374","https://openalex.org/W2308605107","https://openalex.org/W2328534041","https://openalex.org/W2435958658","https://openalex.org/W2615126503","https://openalex.org/W2626583240","https://openalex.org/W2782854262","https://openalex.org/W2802445149","https://openalex.org/W2810021335","https://openalex.org/W2898104972","https://openalex.org/W2913249560","https://openalex.org/W2983384333","https://openalex.org/W2988551120","https://openalex.org/W3000389574","https://openalex.org/W3003124918","https://openalex.org/W3008925379","https://openalex.org/W3014927206","https://openalex.org/W3089063402","https://openalex.org/W3092426105","https://openalex.org/W3153994598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994336186","https://openalex.org/W2093748482","https://openalex.org/W2090575600","https://openalex.org/W2366001104","https://openalex.org/W2366644717","https://openalex.org/W1956655372","https://openalex.org/W2367445858","https://openalex.org/W2351307261","https://openalex.org/W2381993707","https://openalex.org/W2159563029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,65,93,139],"novel":[4],"maximum":[5],"power":[6],"point":[7],"tracking":[8,82,144,148],"(MPPT)":[9],"method":[10,31,91,137,155],"based":[11,129],"on":[12,73,130],"the":[13,16,33,42,48,58,74,84,103,106,133,153],"variant":[14],"of":[15,37,47,76,105],"pigeon-inspired":[17,87],"optimization":[18,54,88],"(PIO)":[19],"algorithm":[20,51],"for":[21],"photovoltaic":[22],"systems":[23],"under":[24,150,160],"partial":[25],"shading":[26],"conditions":[27],"(PSCs).":[28],"The":[29],"proposed":[30,85,107,134],"integrates":[32],"hierarchical":[34,86],"network":[35],"behavior":[36],"pigeon":[38],"flock":[39],"and":[40,44,79,122,146,166],"revises":[41],"map":[43],"compass":[45],"operator":[46,60],"original":[49],"PIO":[50],"to":[52,63,68,97],"improve":[53],"efficiency.":[55],"In":[56],"addition,":[57],"landmark":[59],"is":[61,112],"used":[62],"perform":[64],"small-scale":[66],"search":[67,95],"achieve":[69],"fast":[70],"tracking.":[71],"Based":[72],"combination":[75],"these":[77],"mechanisms":[78],"dual-mode":[80],"dynamic":[81],"scheme,":[83],"(HPIO)":[89],"MPPT":[90,109,118,127,136],"has":[92,138],"powerful":[94],"ability":[96],"deal":[98],"with":[99,114,125,163],"PSCs.":[100,151],"To":[101],"verify":[102],"superiority":[104],"HPIO":[108,135,154],"method,":[110],"it":[111],"compared":[113],"other":[115],"existing":[116],"advanced":[117],"methods":[119],"in":[120,143],"simulation":[121],"experiments.":[123],"Compared":[124],"traditional":[126],"techniques":[128],"artificial":[131],"intelligence,":[132],"higher":[140],"success":[141],"rate":[142],"GMPP":[145],"excellent":[147,158],"speed":[149],"And":[152],"also":[156],"shows":[157],"performance":[159],"complex":[161],"PSC":[162],"multiple":[164],"clusters":[165],"load-variation":[167],"conditions.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}