{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213014793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","title":"Hybrid Voltage Balancing Control for Four-Level Hybrid-Clamped Converters With Low Switching Frequency","display_name":"Hybrid Voltage Balancing Control for Four-Level Hybrid-Clamped Converters With Low Switching Frequency","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213014793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","mag":"3213014793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056097724","display_name":"Mingzhe Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhe Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-066X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071362658","display_name":"Hao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-5798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059462676","display_name":"Yunwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-4505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-4505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037912035","display_name":"Kui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-9318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-9318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056097724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74613121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"11","first_page":"11165","last_page":"11176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.8527238368988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.6893789172172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6622663736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5973863005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.5912628173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5515046119689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4597833752632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4413943588733673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.4103166460990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39837878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3783895671367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28351205587387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2549688518047333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23846134543418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.18345284461975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13306760787963867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.8527238368988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.6893789172172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6622663736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5973863005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.5912628173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5515046119689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4597833752632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4413943588733673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.4103166460990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39837878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3783895671367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28351205587387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2549688518047333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23846134543418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.18345284461975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13306760787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3125647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990034734","https://openalex.org/W2040156374","https://openalex.org/W2104266967","https://openalex.org/W2117839268","https://openalex.org/W2166117910","https://openalex.org/W2295984833","https://openalex.org/W2315350190","https://openalex.org/W2348710991","https://openalex.org/W2531213870","https://openalex.org/W2785523069","https://openalex.org/W2794142757","https://openalex.org/W2924083754","https://openalex.org/W2959593765","https://openalex.org/W2973166934","https://openalex.org/W2978080967","https://openalex.org/W2988617573","https://openalex.org/W2990047463","https://openalex.org/W3015283447","https://openalex.org/W3023519649","https://openalex.org/W3035876486","https://openalex.org/W3046085619","https://openalex.org/W3046522690","https://openalex.org/W3096706581","https://openalex.org/W3118604650","https://openalex.org/W3134164352","https://openalex.org/W3157571362","https://openalex.org/W3159513844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011443784","https://openalex.org/W2771364511","https://openalex.org/W4321384517","https://openalex.org/W2007601225","https://openalex.org/W3042755996","https://openalex.org/W2552203768","https://openalex.org/W2538538511","https://openalex.org/W3211282279","https://openalex.org/W2490836420","https://openalex.org/W2107618232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31,112],"this":[1,74],"article,":[2],"a":[3,43],"hybrid":[4],"capacitor":[5,55,94,106,137,159],"voltage":[6,107,160,172],"balancing":[7,56,108,138,161],"control":[8,121],"based":[9],"on":[10],"selective":[11],"harmonic":[12],"elimination":[13],"pulsewidth":[14],"modulation":[15,35],"(SHE-PWM)":[16],"is":[17,47,57,123],"proposed":[18,179],"for":[19,53,86,136,163],"four-level":[20],"hybrid-clamped":[21],"(4L-HC)":[22],"converters":[23,165],"that":[24],"operates":[25],"at":[26],"very":[27],"low":[28,32],"switching":[29,70,84,100,140],"frequency.":[30],"and":[33,69,110,139,144,153,158,175],"medium":[34],"index":[36],"(":[37],"<italic":[38,114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[39,115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m<sub>a</sub></i>":[40,116],")":[41],"range,":[42,117],"novel":[44],"SHE":[45,62,67,118],"formulation":[46],"introduced,":[48],"where":[49,125],"the":[50,60,65,88,93,99,126,170,178],"objective":[51],"function":[52],"natural":[54],"added":[58],"into":[59],"nonlinear":[61],"equations.":[63],"With":[64],"optimal":[66],"patterns":[68,131],"angles":[71],"obtained":[72],"from":[73],"formulation,":[75],"all":[76],"capacitors":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"balanced":[80],"naturally":[81],"without":[82],"additional":[83],"actions":[85],"swapping":[87],"redundant":[89],"states":[90],"to":[91,168],"regulate":[92],"voltages,":[95],"which":[96],"greatly":[97],"reduces":[98],"frequency":[101,141],"compared":[102],"with":[103,133,155],"other":[104,156],"active":[105],"methods":[109,162],"modulations.":[111],"high":[113],"model":[119],"predictive":[120],"(SHE-MPC)":[122],"adopted,":[124],"output":[127],"voltages":[128],"follow":[129],"SHE-PWM":[130],"but":[132],"MPC":[134],"used":[135],"regulations.":[142],"Simulation":[143],"experimental":[145],"results,":[146],"as":[147,149],"well":[148],"detailed":[150],"numerical":[151],"analysis":[152],"comparisons":[154],"PWM":[157],"4L-HC":[164],"are":[166],"provided":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"good":[171],"regulation":[173],"performance":[174],"superiorities":[176],"of":[177],"method.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}