{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204451177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","title":"Evaluation of a Contra-Rotating Flux- Modulated Machine Featured With Dual Flux-Modulation for Wind Power Generation","display_name":"Evaluation of a Contra-Rotating Flux- Modulated Machine Featured With Dual Flux-Modulation for Wind Power Generation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204451177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","mag":"3204451177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156218/3/Evaluation%20of%20A%20Contra-Rotating%20Flux-Modulated%20Machine%20Featured%20with%20Dual%20Flux-Modulation%20for%20Wind%20Power%20Generation.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353640","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-3459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003744734","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Refaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman M. EL-Refaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053492641","display_name":"Yuefei Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0728-8871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuefei Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0728-8871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028331410","display_name":"Shun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2334-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-207X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088667583","display_name":"Shuangchun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-0306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangchun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461247","display_name":"Christopher H. T. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher H. T. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88313602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"8770","last_page":"8781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.7155371904373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6932458281517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.611375629901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5382001996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.5149096250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5088277459144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4838101267814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.47476649284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-optimizer","display_name":"Power optimizer","score":0.4675043523311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.4371170997619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-point","display_name":"Operating point","score":0.4352298080921173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.41875842213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3374713063240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2535001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2257383167743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16049489378929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.0935119092464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.06984254717826843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.7155371904373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6932458281517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.611375629901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5382001996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.5149096250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5088277459144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4838101267814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.47476649284362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145180747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236587","display_name":"Power optimizer","level":5,"score":0.4675043523311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.4371170997619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.4352298080921173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.41875842213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3374713063240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2535001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2257383167743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16049489378929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0935119092464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06984254717826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3114710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/156218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/156218","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156218/3/Evaluation%20of%20A%20Contra-Rotating%20Flux-Modulated%20Machine%20Featured%20with%20Dual%20Flux-Modulation%20for%20Wind%20Power%20Generation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/156218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/156218","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/156218/3/Evaluation%20of%20A%20Contra-Rotating%20Flux-Modulated%20Machine%20Featured%20with%20Dual%20Flux-Modulation%20for%20Wind%20Power%20Generation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4548811592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-NRFF12-2020-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204451177.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204451177.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976279564","https://openalex.org/W1998725906","https://openalex.org/W2000794749","https://openalex.org/W2017215325","https://openalex.org/W2056379838","https://openalex.org/W2060482479","https://openalex.org/W2063701712","https://openalex.org/W2097926203","https://openalex.org/W2105269061","https://openalex.org/W2105570612","https://openalex.org/W2126290973","https://openalex.org/W2132755931","https://openalex.org/W2158680159","https://openalex.org/W2162448500","https://openalex.org/W2170392676","https://openalex.org/W2188425681","https://openalex.org/W2243179501","https://openalex.org/W2326024518","https://openalex.org/W2398927819","https://openalex.org/W2555079629","https://openalex.org/W2559806691","https://openalex.org/W2597132538","https://openalex.org/W2624966614","https://openalex.org/W2736945386","https://openalex.org/W2755780786","https://openalex.org/W2890629910","https://openalex.org/W2905541119","https://openalex.org/W2949092931","https://openalex.org/W2986101215","https://openalex.org/W2990499702","https://openalex.org/W3131637247","https://openalex.org/W6686956934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119066623","https://openalex.org/W2015536994","https://openalex.org/W2023551334","https://openalex.org/W2355368342","https://openalex.org/W2370694771","https://openalex.org/W2057955529","https://openalex.org/W1963894000","https://openalex.org/W1914188083","https://openalex.org/W2291380656","https://openalex.org/W3116664794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,8],"investigation":[4],"and":[5,144,165,207],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,33,59,62,102,147,157,161,182,203],"integrated":[9,17,56,115],"flux-modulated":[10,18,116,197],"machine":[11,19,57,120,150,185,198],"for":[12,124],"wind":[13,40,43,50,86,95,126],"power":[14,51,74,87,96,127],"generation.":[15],"The":[16,142,180,201],"has":[20],"two":[21,26,31,60,159],"rotors":[22,28],"which":[23],"function":[24],"as":[25],"contrarotating":[27],"connected":[29],"to":[30,38,107,139,169,190],"sets":[32,61,160],"turbine":[34],"blades.":[35],"Hence,":[36,118],"compared":[37],"conventional":[39],"generators,":[41],"more":[42,122],"energy":[44],"could":[45,79],"be":[46,80],"captured":[47],"by":[48,173,213],"this":[49,94,119],"generation":[52,97],"system.":[53],"Moreover,":[54,93],"the":[55,67,85,100,108,114,130,135,148,158,183,195,204,208],"consists":[58],"stator":[63],"windings.":[64],"By":[65],"regulating":[66],"currents":[68],"in":[69,113,153,188],"these":[70],"windings,":[71],"dual":[72],"maximum":[73],"point":[75],"tracking":[76],"control":[77],"strategy":[78],"achieved.":[81],"As":[82],"a":[83,166,191],"result,":[84],"conversion":[88],"efficiency":[89],"is":[90,121,132,163,178,199],"further":[91],"improved.":[92],"system":[98],"exhibits":[99],"advantage":[101],"high":[103],"torque/power":[104],"density":[105],"due":[106],"enhanced":[109],"magnetic-gearing":[110],"effect":[111],"involved":[112],"machine.":[117,193],"suitable":[123],"direct-drive":[125],"generation,":[128],"where":[129],"reliability":[131],"improved":[133],"without":[134],"maintenance":[136],"issues":[137],"related":[138],"mechanical":[140],"gearboxes.":[141],"topology":[143],"operating":[145,205],"principle":[146,206],"investigated":[149,184,196],"are":[151,186,211],"demonstrated":[152],"detail.":[154],"Decoupled":[155],"design":[156],"windings":[162,172],"investigated,":[164],"general":[167],"rule":[168],"achieve":[170],"decoupled":[171],"appropriate":[174],"slot-pole":[175],"combination":[176],"selection":[177],"illustrated.":[179],"advantages":[181],"confirmed":[187],"comparison":[189],"benchmark":[192],"Finally,":[194],"prototyped.":[200],"validity":[202],"simulation":[209],"results":[210],"verified":[212],"experimental":[214],"results.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}