{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200535053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","title":"Aerodynamic Performance of a Flyable Flapping Wing Rotor With Passive Pitching Angle Variation","display_name":"Aerodynamic Performance of a Flyable Flapping Wing Rotor With Passive Pitching Angle Variation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200535053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","mag":"3200535053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17227","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366163","display_name":"Si Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-2540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Si Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, WenZhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, WenZhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350818","display_name":"Le Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-8901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, WenZhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, WenZhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739225","display_name":"Yuanyuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003159768","display_name":"Mingbo Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-7063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingbo Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020502","display_name":"Yingjun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076583315","display_name":"Bing Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1326-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, ShanDong University, Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, ShanDong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101956570","display_name":"Shijun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-6243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100366163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.1807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99126565,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"9176","last_page":"9184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12014","display_name":"Fish biology, ecology, and behavior","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.7080962657928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","score":0.6951404213905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flapping","display_name":"Flapping","score":0.45506733655929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.44666582345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing","display_name":"Wing","score":0.4292866289615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-attack","display_name":"Angle of attack","score":0.4223371148109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamic-force","display_name":"Aerodynamic force","score":0.4217720627784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift-coefficient","display_name":"Lift coefficient","score":0.4202349781990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3706275224685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.32952654361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3155425786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3059006333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.27750876545906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08612853288650513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.7080962657928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.6951404213905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780444116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6057443","display_name":"Flapping","level":3,"score":0.45506733655929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.44666582345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97257150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161358","display_name":"Wing","level":2,"score":0.4292866289615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370906","display_name":"Angle of attack","level":3,"score":0.4223371148109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132557482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299483","display_name":"Aerodynamic force","level":3,"score":0.4217720627784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150486481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760106","display_name":"Lift coefficient","level":4,"score":0.4202349781990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3706275224685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.32952654361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3155425786972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3059006333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.27750876545906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08612853288650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3112964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/17227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/17227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4750044801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11972079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5868375588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7023048912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1104355958","https://openalex.org/W1484347438","https://openalex.org/W1554045560","https://openalex.org/W1971113818","https://openalex.org/W1972170099","https://openalex.org/W1975173665","https://openalex.org/W2034446299","https://openalex.org/W2040572200","https://openalex.org/W2045111164","https://openalex.org/W2057743603","https://openalex.org/W2060968157","https://openalex.org/W2093997397","https://openalex.org/W2106589682","https://openalex.org/W2108315243","https://openalex.org/W2116563960","https://openalex.org/W2130927520","https://openalex.org/W2171892395","https://openalex.org/W2315303988","https://openalex.org/W2317936508","https://openalex.org/W2326486846","https://openalex.org/W2326886953","https://openalex.org/W2576223203","https://openalex.org/W2790258691","https://openalex.org/W2996168843","https://openalex.org/W2998303321","https://openalex.org/W3035896485","https://openalex.org/W3087102592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970032862","https://openalex.org/W2945493325","https://openalex.org/W2015457592","https://openalex.org/W2624852988","https://openalex.org/W2009241753","https://openalex.org/W2123877307","https://openalex.org/W2972082501","https://openalex.org/W1976686391","https://openalex.org/W2635007544","https://openalex.org/W4401596541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"is":[2,45,65,77,102,114,121,134,163],"based":[3],"on":[4,8],"an":[5,73],"experimental":[6],"study":[7],"the":[9,68,81,84,97,106,110,118,127,131,144,155,158],"aerodynamic":[10,119,139,188],"performance":[11],"of":[12,55,75,87,112,143,146,157,180,190],"a":[13,48,56,88,184,191],"flapping":[14,29,58],"wing":[15],"rotor":[16],"(FWR)":[17],"and":[18,62,117,165,169,194],"enhancement":[19],"by":[20,47,72,153,173],"passive":[21],"pitching":[22,90],"angle":[23,91],"variation":[24],"(PPAV)":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27],"powered":[28,172],"motion.":[30],"The":[31,138,178],"PPAV":[32,76,113,147,181],"(in":[33],"this":[34],"article,":[35],"10":[36],"<sup":[37,41,93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[38,42,94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">o</sup>":[39,43,95],"\u201350":[40],")":[44],"realized":[46],"specially":[49],"designed":[50],"sleeve-pin":[51],"unit":[52],"as":[53],"part":[54],"U-shape":[57],"mechanism.":[59],"Through":[60],"experiment":[61],"analysis,":[63],"it":[64],"found":[66],"that":[67,105],"average":[69],"lift":[70,140],"produced":[71],"FWR":[74,86,111,129,145,161,193],">100%":[78],"higher":[79,125],"than":[80,126],"baseline":[82,128],"model,":[83],"same":[85,98],"constant":[89],"30":[92],"under":[96,135],"input":[99,132,176],"power.":[100],"It":[101],"also":[103,122,150],"noted":[104],"lift\u2013voltage":[107],"relationship":[108],"for":[109,187],"almost":[115],"linear":[116],"efficiency":[120,142],"over":[123],"100%":[124],"when":[130],"voltage":[133],"6":[136],"V.":[137],"or":[141],"can":[148],"be":[149],"increased":[151],"significantly":[152],"reducing":[154],"weight":[156],"wings.":[159],"An":[160],"model":[162],"fabricated":[164],"achieved":[166],"vertical":[167],"take-off":[168],"free":[170],"flight":[171],"9":[174],"V":[175],"voltage.":[177],"mechanism":[179],"function":[182],"provides":[183],"feasible":[185],"solution":[186],"improvement":[189],"bioinspired":[192],"potential":[195],"application":[196],"to":[197],"micro":[198],"air":[199],"vehicles.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
