{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198498141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","title":"Vision-Based 40-nm-Accuracy Liquid Level Detection Compliant With Micromanipulation","display_name":"Vision-Based 40-nm-Accuracy Liquid Level Detection Compliant With Micromanipulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198498141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","mag":"3198498141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014709286","display_name":"Fei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-9375"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-9375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043003457","display_name":"Peng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-8117"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069833525","display_name":"Yongxiang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-0854"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370076","display_name":"Wenhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-6098"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-6098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49017748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"8535","last_page":"8544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micromanipulator","display_name":"Micromanipulator","score":0.6348223686218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnification","display_name":"Magnification","score":0.5482850074768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.5209161639213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5067391991615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49295759201049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48751112818717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47892364859580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.45726025104522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.45623162388801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipette","display_name":"Pipette","score":0.44369953870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.16534844040870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11294296383857727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776470464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933900","display_name":"Micromanipulator","level":2,"score":0.6348223686218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.5482850074768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.5209161639213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5067391991615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49295759201049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48751112818717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47892364859580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.45726025104522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45623162388801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163373","display_name":"Pipette","level":2,"score":0.44369953870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.16534844040870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11294296383857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3108700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2616233614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61774095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5316368569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21727813","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976971745","https://openalex.org/W1980431487","https://openalex.org/W2009682580","https://openalex.org/W2032621741","https://openalex.org/W2036955363","https://openalex.org/W2046756261","https://openalex.org/W2054406296","https://openalex.org/W2065613443","https://openalex.org/W2069823564","https://openalex.org/W2075856591","https://openalex.org/W2111172441","https://openalex.org/W2120408680","https://openalex.org/W2144282282","https://openalex.org/W2248528648","https://openalex.org/W2302159500","https://openalex.org/W2337970408","https://openalex.org/W2343603550","https://openalex.org/W2562629073","https://openalex.org/W2595797169","https://openalex.org/W2607512581","https://openalex.org/W2798204822","https://openalex.org/W2903413933","https://openalex.org/W2913077483","https://openalex.org/W2966731430","https://openalex.org/W2983148963","https://openalex.org/W2985123440","https://openalex.org/W2996606493","https://openalex.org/W3005547373","https://openalex.org/W3013392474","https://openalex.org/W3017170000","https://openalex.org/W3033456476","https://openalex.org/W3131554376","https://openalex.org/W4238815937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811488463","https://openalex.org/W2139751930","https://openalex.org/W998663627","https://openalex.org/W1974009710","https://openalex.org/W2563767106","https://openalex.org/W2900972360","https://openalex.org/W2031254036","https://openalex.org/W1537308830","https://openalex.org/W2997752514","https://openalex.org/W3198498141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"efforts":[1],"in":[2,55,93,173,205],"single-cell":[3],"research":[4],"call":[5],"for":[6,12,34,187],"precise":[7],"liquid":[8,19,86,202],"level":[9],"detection":[10,60,134],"(LLD)":[11],"end-effectors":[13],"to":[14,24,81,113,151,197],"manipulate":[15],"small":[16],"volume":[17,181],"of":[18,67,98,177],"samples":[20],"such":[21,35,101,155],"as":[22,102,156,182,184],"nano-":[23],"pico-liter":[25],"droplets.":[26],"Existing":[27],"LLD":[28,46,120],"methods,":[29],"however,":[30],"are":[31,105],"yet":[32],"satisfactory":[33],"delicate":[36],"micromanipulation":[37,57,153,206],"tasks.":[38],"This":[39],"article":[40],"presents":[41],"a":[42,167,180],"vision-based":[43,119],"contact":[44,83,116],"type":[45],"method,":[47],"which":[48,108],"adopts":[49],"the":[50,65,71,85,89,95,109,115,125,132,142,147,175],"hardware":[51],"settings":[52],"normally":[53],"used":[54],"typical":[56],"scenarios.":[58],"The":[59,118],"principle":[61],"is":[62,77,111,195],"based":[63],"on":[64],"generation":[66],"patterned":[68,99],"ripples":[69,100],"when":[70],"end-effector":[72],"(e.g.,":[73],"glass":[74],"micropipette),":[75],"that":[76,131],"being":[78],"vibrated,":[79],"moves":[80],"get":[82],"with":[84,179],"surface.":[87],"Through":[88],"microscopic":[90],"imaging":[91],"system":[92],"micromanipulation,":[94],"image":[96],"frames":[97],"concentric":[103],"circles":[104],"recorded,":[106],"from":[107],"wavelength":[110],"extracted":[112],"determine":[114],"moment.":[117],"method":[121,148,170,194],"was":[122,136,149,171],"cross-validated":[123],"by":[124,141],"electrical":[126],"impedance-based":[127],"method.":[128],"Experiments":[129],"revealed":[130],"best":[133],"accuracy":[135],"40":[137],"nm,":[138],"only":[139],"limited":[140],"micromanipulator's":[143],"positioning":[144],"resolution.":[145],"Moreover,":[146],"robust":[150],"various":[152],"settings,":[154],"illumination":[157],"intensity,":[158],"microscopy":[159],"magnification,":[160],"exposure":[161],"time,":[162],"and":[163,207],"focal":[164],"plane.":[165],"As":[166],"demonstration,":[168],"this":[169,193],"successful":[172],"detecting":[174],"surface":[176],"droplets":[178],"low":[183],"450":[185],"pL":[186],"different":[188],"liquids.":[189],"Given":[190],"its":[191],"generality,":[192],"expected":[196],"suit":[198],"many":[199],"scenarios":[200],"involving":[201],"handling":[203],"tasks":[204],"industry.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}