{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157462940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","title":"Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Multi-Permanent-Magnet Motor Considering Magnet Characteristic Variation Effects","display_name":"Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Multi-Permanent-Magnet Motor Considering Magnet Characteristic Variation Effects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157462940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","mag":"3157462940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013076870","display_name":"Shiyue Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-4981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyue Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-4981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047643306","display_name":"Xiaoyong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-3329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-3329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088859533","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-5075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-5075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034404601","display_name":"Zixuan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-0599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-0599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673482","display_name":"Li Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8574-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020256243","display_name":"Baoxin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-6888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoxin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-6888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.39,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96381108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"3428","last_page":"3438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12898","display_name":"Induction Heating and Inverter Technology","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.7906715869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.655270516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6087803244590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-circuit","display_name":"Magnetic circuit","score":0.46587321162223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44583040475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44517970085144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4345123767852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.4156317710876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.3699488341808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28655803203582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2857186496257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.277084082365036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23749405145645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1971432864665985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.7906715869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.655270516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6087803244590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24214142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118801","display_name":"Magnetic circuit","level":3,"score":0.46587321162223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44583040475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44517970085144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4345123767852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.4156317710876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.3699488341808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28655803203582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2857186496257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.277084082365036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23749405145645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1971432864665985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3073311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1298773689","display_name":"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9a71\u52a8\u6c38\u78c1\u8f6e\u6bc2\u7535\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51937006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3426731078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51991385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7188223209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983057576","https://openalex.org/W2126603580","https://openalex.org/W2336993876","https://openalex.org/W2342465659","https://openalex.org/W2590098637","https://openalex.org/W2617836594","https://openalex.org/W2620737626","https://openalex.org/W2724349545","https://openalex.org/W2768709298","https://openalex.org/W2789360872","https://openalex.org/W2808092459","https://openalex.org/W2888532465","https://openalex.org/W2905446923","https://openalex.org/W2966681684","https://openalex.org/W2999317806","https://openalex.org/W2999650510","https://openalex.org/W3041926236","https://openalex.org/W3077167401","https://openalex.org/W3107975947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W4303411445","https://openalex.org/W4207040089","https://openalex.org/W2384455639","https://openalex.org/W1519622926","https://openalex.org/W3109306766","https://openalex.org/W4286587111","https://openalex.org/W2944076747","https://openalex.org/W2999364115","https://openalex.org/W3010453361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"a":[3,74,124],"parallel-series":[4],"magnetic":[5,35],"circuit":[6,36],"multi-permanent":[7],"magnet":[8,16,87],"(M-PM)":[9],"motor":[10,45,113,116,142],"is":[11,46,78,127],"designed":[12],"and":[13,114,129,134,143],"optimized":[14],"considering":[15],"characteristic":[17],"variation":[18,89],"effects,":[19],"where":[20],"two":[21,64],"kinds":[22],"of":[23,63,66,110,140],"permanent":[24],"magnets":[25],"(PMs)":[26],"are":[27,71,117],"utilized":[28],"as":[29,98,100],"co-magnetic.":[30],"Based":[31],"on":[32,85],"the":[33,38,43,49,58,86,111,138,141,144],"equivalent":[34],"method,":[37],"detailed":[39],"design":[40,146],"method":[41,77],"for":[42],"M-PM":[44],"illustrated.":[47],"Considering":[48],"various":[50],"operation":[51,69,106,121],"conditions":[52,70],"in":[53],"potential":[54],"electric":[55],"vehicle":[56],"applications,":[57],"<italic":[59],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">B\u2013H</i>":[61],"curves":[62],"PMs":[65],"different":[67],"typical":[68,105,120],"obtained.":[72],"Then,":[73],"multiobjective":[75],"optimization":[76,147],"newly":[79],"proposed":[80,145],"which":[81],"not":[82],"only":[83],"focuses":[84],"characteristics":[88],"effect":[90],"but":[91],"also":[92],"considers":[93],"output":[94],"torque,":[95],"torque":[96],"ripple":[97],"well":[99],"antidemagnetization":[101],"capability":[102],"under":[103,119],"three":[104],"conditions.":[107,122],"The":[108],"performances":[109],"initial":[112],"optimal":[115],"compared":[118],"Finally,":[123],"prototype":[125],"machine":[126],"built":[128],"tested.":[130],"Both":[131],"theoretical":[132],"analysis":[133],"experimental":[135],"results":[136],"verify":[137],"validity":[139],"method.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
