{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151015969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","title":"Cosine Similarity Based Line Protection for Large Scale Wind Farms Part II\u2014The Industrial Application","display_name":"Cosine Similarity Based Line Protection for Large Scale Wind Farms Part II\u2014The Industrial Application","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151015969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","mag":"3151015969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037151071","display_name":"Liming Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liming Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014163978","display_name":"Ke Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-1050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-1050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056556018","display_name":"Wenqiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-3231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084052189","display_name":"Qian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077234408","display_name":"Tianshu Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-9045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshu Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-9045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102372272","display_name":"Qixun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037151071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96644621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"2599","last_page":"2609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.6464571952819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5889618396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigonometric-functions","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","score":0.5699886679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-relay","display_name":"Protective relay","score":0.5637903213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5364158153533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4980287551879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46056443452835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4450650215148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4320961534976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4252219796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2272460162639618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1558837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.11967885494232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11606946587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09721830487251282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.6464571952819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5889618396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.5699886679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2412688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503732","display_name":"Protective relay","level":4,"score":0.5637903213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5364158153533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4980287551879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46056443452835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4450650215148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4320961534976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4252219796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2272460162639618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1558837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.11967885494232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11606946587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09721830487251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3069400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5351621342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGNXDK00DWJS2000189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966522736","https://openalex.org/W2089781446","https://openalex.org/W2121573593","https://openalex.org/W2138770536","https://openalex.org/W2410478667","https://openalex.org/W2509011201","https://openalex.org/W2540844735","https://openalex.org/W2743199222","https://openalex.org/W2784066998","https://openalex.org/W2800980987","https://openalex.org/W2801661682","https://openalex.org/W2905981691","https://openalex.org/W2906665236","https://openalex.org/W3002449826","https://openalex.org/W3004935589","https://openalex.org/W3008542950","https://openalex.org/W3010334486","https://openalex.org/W3033695985","https://openalex.org/W3081100854","https://openalex.org/W3093576848","https://openalex.org/W3132670118","https://openalex.org/W4239952155","https://openalex.org/W4252329382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126212742","https://openalex.org/W1973873454","https://openalex.org/W1948687848","https://openalex.org/W2953417386","https://openalex.org/W3142892065","https://openalex.org/W2384133917","https://openalex.org/W2056980334","https://openalex.org/W2874772501","https://openalex.org/W2673189356","https://openalex.org/W3116605813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,8,19,38,41,65,68,81,87,93,107,115,121,125,135],"integration":[2],"of":[3,40,67,86],"large-scale":[5],"wind":[6,136],"farms,":[7],"conventional":[9,82],"pilot":[10,43],"protection":[11,44,50,72,89,98,126],"is":[12,57,62,73,99,132],"facing":[13],"new":[14],"challenges.":[15],"It":[16],"suffers":[17],"from":[18],"performance":[20],"degradation":[21],"can":[22,90],"even":[23],"refuse":[24],"operation":[25,141],"for":[26],"some":[27],"extreme":[28],"fault":[29,77],"scenarios.":[30,78],"To":[31],"address":[32],"this":[33,35],"problem,":[34],"article":[36],"continues":[37],"research":[39],"novel":[42],"based":[45,71,128],"on":[46,129],"cosine":[47,69,130],"similarity.":[48],"The":[49,59,96],"pickup":[51],"setting":[52],"and":[53,64,106,138],"industrial":[54,122],"application":[55,85],"testing":[56],"investigated.":[58],"functional":[60],"structure":[61],"described":[63],"logic":[66],"similarity":[70,131],"evaluated":[74],"under":[75],"different":[76],"Compared":[79],"with":[80],"differential":[83],"protection,":[84],"proposed":[88,97],"greatly":[91],"improve":[92],"relay":[94,104],"performance.":[95],"embedded":[100],"into":[101,140],"an":[102],"industry":[103],"device,":[105],"standard":[108],"hardware-in-loop":[109],"tests":[110],"are":[111],"carried":[112],"out":[113],"using":[114],"real":[116],"time":[117],"digital":[118],"simulator":[119],"before":[120],"application.":[123],"Now,":[124],"device":[127],"installed":[133],"in":[134,142],"farms":[137],"put":[139],"Inner":[143],"Mongolia.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
