{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133806989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","title":"Micromachined Thermocouple for Rapid Detection of Ultrahigh Heat Flux at High Temperature","display_name":"Micromachined Thermocouple for Rapid Detection of Ultrahigh Heat Flux at High Temperature","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133806989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","mag":"3133806989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368323","display_name":"Jiayu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773626","display_name":"Wei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-0833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364966","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-1290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065543748","display_name":"Hong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-2238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055765825","display_name":"Yunqian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-8169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759741","display_name":"Yuelin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-5903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuelin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754630","display_name":"Tie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-0188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100368323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76608568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"2","first_page":"2099","last_page":"2106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocouple","display_name":"Thermocouple","score":0.8261442184448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-flux","display_name":"Heat flux","score":0.7696892023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6629841923713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.6014636754989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.5495501756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.49048635363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.44044458866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pipe","display_name":"Heat pipe","score":0.4132082164287567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.35445141792297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.3015281558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1946571171283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16884958744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.14581739902496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.10972067713737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09714177250862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.07125365734100342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.8261442184448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.7696892023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6629841923713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.6014636754989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.5495501756668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.49048635363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.44044458866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37728375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600568","display_name":"Heat pipe","level":3,"score":0.4132082164287567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35445141792297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.3015281558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1946571171283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16884958744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.14581739902496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10972067713737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09714177250862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07125365734100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3060677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4527018722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB2005702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4655890464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2003001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1659069079","https://openalex.org/W1973029210","https://openalex.org/W1984554195","https://openalex.org/W1991880947","https://openalex.org/W1995819198","https://openalex.org/W2010376881","https://openalex.org/W2014836503","https://openalex.org/W2016813849","https://openalex.org/W2017751259","https://openalex.org/W2023408123","https://openalex.org/W2034538836","https://openalex.org/W2034825062","https://openalex.org/W2042492260","https://openalex.org/W2048752716","https://openalex.org/W2049582610","https://openalex.org/W2050243139","https://openalex.org/W2050683837","https://openalex.org/W2050882684","https://openalex.org/W2061791472","https://openalex.org/W2063351457","https://openalex.org/W2063956103","https://openalex.org/W2070671302","https://openalex.org/W2075670064","https://openalex.org/W2076905969","https://openalex.org/W2082696895","https://openalex.org/W2085977129","https://openalex.org/W2090664140","https://openalex.org/W2094132767","https://openalex.org/W2105752563","https://openalex.org/W2124345700","https://openalex.org/W2127981413","https://openalex.org/W2136596042","https://openalex.org/W2143673553","https://openalex.org/W2154540059","https://openalex.org/W2499633753","https://openalex.org/W2625887608","https://openalex.org/W2898321144","https://openalex.org/W2991177770","https://openalex.org/W6636978858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112582741","https://openalex.org/W3216017874","https://openalex.org/W2966484342","https://openalex.org/W4285295200","https://openalex.org/W2025687625","https://openalex.org/W2387797796","https://openalex.org/W2019795571","https://openalex.org/W2115727343","https://openalex.org/W2035119797","https://openalex.org/W2379282466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,78,82,151],"novel":[4],"high":[5,22,85,115],"temperature":[6,28,74,116],"heat":[7,23,54,83,137,146,165],"flux":[8,24,84,138,147,166],"(HTHF)":[9],"sensor":[10,51,79,120,160],"based":[11,112],"on":[12],"micromachined":[13],"thermocouple":[14],"(MTC)":[15],"to":[16,86,135,144],"meet":[17],"the":[18,119,159],"needs":[19],"of":[20,47],"transient":[21,145],"detection":[25,167],"in":[26,64,100,163,168],"ultrahigh":[27,164],"environments,":[29],"such":[30,77],"as":[31],"fire":[32],"research,":[33],"high-power":[34],"pulsed":[35],"lasers":[36],"testing,":[37],"and":[38,45,59,149],"aerospace":[39],"engineering.":[40],"The":[41],"targeted":[42],"design,":[43],"fabrication,":[44],"package":[46],"an":[48,93],"MTC-based":[49],"HTHF":[50],"with":[52,92,121],"excellent":[53],"dissipation":[55],"capacity":[56],"are":[57],"proposed,":[58],"relevant":[60],"experiments":[61],"were":[62],"conducted":[63],"two":[65],"aspects.":[66],"First,":[67],"powerful":[68],"laser":[69],"tube-based":[70],"tests":[71,113],"at":[72,114,126,130],"ambient":[73],"show":[75],"that":[76,118],"can":[80],"detect":[81],"10.8":[87],"MW/m":[88],"<sup":[89],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[90],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[91],"extremely":[94,161,169],"fast":[95],"response;":[96],"its":[97],"response":[98,153],"time,":[99],"this":[101],"case,":[102],"is":[103,141],"1.9":[104],"ms.":[105],"And":[106],"then,":[107],"turbine":[108],"engine":[109],"test":[110],"pipe":[111],"reveal":[117],"water":[122],"cooling":[123],"could":[124],"survive":[125],"1200":[127],"\u00b0C":[128],"for":[129],"least":[131],"100":[132],"s.":[133],"Compared":[134],"conventional":[136],"sensors,":[139],"it":[140],"more":[142],"sensitive":[143],"changes":[148],"has":[150],"faster":[152],"speed.":[154],"Such":[155],"satisfactory":[156],"performance":[157],"makes":[158],"competitive":[162],"harsh":[170],"environments.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
