{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120183139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","title":"Computationally-Efficient Optimal Control of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters With Power Balance for Energy Storage Systems","display_name":"Computationally-Efficient Optimal Control of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters With Power Balance for Energy Storage Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120183139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","mag":"3120183139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/9526609/09316968.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/9526609/09316968.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066399860","display_name":"Mitchell Easley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-6592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Easley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Low Voltage Power Products Department, Raytheon Missiles & Defense, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-6592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Low Voltage Power Products Department, Raytheon Missiles & Defense, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029630831","display_name":"Mohammad B. Shadmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-8640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad B. Shadmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-8640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010833171","display_name":"Haitham Abu\u2010Rub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Abu-Rub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-3942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066399860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1351,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87187312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"12","first_page":"12285","last_page":"12295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5953558683395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.5911282300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5868074893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5708701610565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.49785304069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4704120457172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.44012096524238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.4379981458187103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.43542367219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38563764095306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.37827450037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31765711307525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.28245609998703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.24939745664596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1783325970172882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08781099319458008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5953558683395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.5911282300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5868074893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5708701610565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.49785304069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4704120457172394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.44012096524238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.4379981458187103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.43542367219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38563764095306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37827450037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31765711307525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28245609998703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24939745664596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1783325970172882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08781099319458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/9526609/09316968.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3048281","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/41/9526609/09316968.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1442526766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP 12S-0226-190158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2894603144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP12S-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4766239812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP12S-0226-190158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6198279701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP12S-0226-190158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","funder_display_name":"Qatar Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120183139.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120183139.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770637019","https://openalex.org/W2030224573","https://openalex.org/W2043199747","https://openalex.org/W2060177551","https://openalex.org/W2086568061","https://openalex.org/W2097663727","https://openalex.org/W2112169395","https://openalex.org/W2142352689","https://openalex.org/W2146419443","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2295696169","https://openalex.org/W2334999169","https://openalex.org/W2422649639","https://openalex.org/W2466522000","https://openalex.org/W2548618581","https://openalex.org/W2605662711","https://openalex.org/W2616505004","https://openalex.org/W2873562307","https://openalex.org/W2921773109","https://openalex.org/W2947964992","https://openalex.org/W2990438548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990079087","https://openalex.org/W3202234113","https://openalex.org/W2101188133","https://openalex.org/W4248731570","https://openalex.org/W2381210024","https://openalex.org/W2060165215","https://openalex.org/W2384015130","https://openalex.org/W4285595274","https://openalex.org/W2161768424","https://openalex.org/W2008535512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,97],"optimal":[4,35,141],"current":[5],"control":[6,26,42,52,85,89],"technique":[7],"with":[8,19,143],"switching":[9,103],"event":[10],"minimization":[11],"for":[12,50,57],"grid-interactive":[13],"cascaded":[14],"multilevel":[15],"inverters":[16],"(CMI)":[17],"interfaced":[18],"battery":[20,32,115],"energy":[21,116,123],"storage":[22,117],"sources.":[23],"The":[24,87,101,125],"proposed":[25,88,139],"scheme":[27,90],"enables":[28],"power-balancing":[29],"functionality":[30],"of":[31,38,83,137],"cells,":[33],"realizing":[34],"smart":[36],"operation":[37],"CMI.":[39],"Model":[40],"predictive":[41],"(MPC)":[43],"is":[44,71],"known":[45],"as":[46,96],"a":[47,80,92,121],"potential":[48],"approach":[49],"multiobjective":[51],"schemes":[53,63],"in":[54,73],"single-loop":[55],"manner":[56],"power":[58,110],"electronics":[59],"interfaces.":[60],"However,":[61],"MPC":[62],"are":[64,105],"suffering":[65],"from":[66,112],"high":[67],"computational":[68,135],"burden":[69],"that":[70],"magnified":[72],"topologies":[74],"like":[75],"the":[76,109,113,138],"CMI,":[77],"which":[78],"have":[79],"substantial":[81],"number":[82],"redundant":[84,102],"actions.":[86],"utilizes":[91],"dynamic":[93],"lookup":[94],"matrix":[95],"internal":[98],"optimizer":[99],"tool.":[100],"sequences":[104],"cycled":[106],"to":[107,149],"equalize":[108],"drawn":[111],"independent":[114],"sources":[118],"while":[119],"achieving":[120],"minimum":[122],"control.":[124],"theoretical":[126],"analysis":[127],"and":[128,134],"experimental":[129],"case":[130],"studies":[131],"verify":[132],"robustness":[133],"efficiency":[136],"multicriteria":[140],"controller":[142],"similar":[144],"objective":[145],"tracking":[146],"when":[147],"compared":[148],"finite-set":[150],"MPC.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
