{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011238899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","title":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Energy Management of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real Time","display_name":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Energy Management of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real Time","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011238899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","mag":"3011238899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084719485","display_name":"Derick Furquim Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-1582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152696","display_name":"Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/05m235j20","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151455","https://openalex.org/I4210152696"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derick Furquim Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), Materials, Energy Efficiency and Complementary Generation Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-1582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), Materials, Energy Efficiency and Complementary Generation Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032051981","display_name":"Francisco da Costa Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-5708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152696","display_name":"Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/05m235j20","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151455","https://openalex.org/I4210152696"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco da Costa Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), Materials, Energy Efficiency and Complementary Generation Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-5708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), Materials, Energy Efficiency and Complementary Generation Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040252609","display_name":"Edson H. Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson H. Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-9504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98374997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"3213","last_page":"3223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.908173680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6251866817474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.5638163685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-bench","display_name":"Test bench","score":0.5571209192276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5384869575500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5333260297775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-model","display_name":"Nonlinear model","score":0.48072245717048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.46818554401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.45370006561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4462173283100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43816953897476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.377243310213089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3422354757785797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.317844033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3130088448524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2859928011894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.2386491298675537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.908173680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6251866817474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.5638163685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476482","display_name":"Test bench","level":2,"score":0.5571209192276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5384869575500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5333260297775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984755018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17118374","display_name":"Nonlinear model","level":3,"score":0.48072245717048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46818554401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45370006561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4462173283100128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43816953897476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.377243310213089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3422354757785797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.317844033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3130088448524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2859928011894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.2386491298675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2979528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1045176535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"306243/2014-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105214679","https://openalex.org/W152663305","https://openalex.org/W200033674","https://openalex.org/W1145043878","https://openalex.org/W1535260033","https://openalex.org/W1631623342","https://openalex.org/W2007756949","https://openalex.org/W2017283779","https://openalex.org/W2041109651","https://openalex.org/W2044979206","https://openalex.org/W2046559239","https://openalex.org/W2051789550","https://openalex.org/W2078615051","https://openalex.org/W2106380910","https://openalex.org/W2115523293","https://openalex.org/W2136774055","https://openalex.org/W2144867161","https://openalex.org/W2218903319","https://openalex.org/W2292161893","https://openalex.org/W2430875395","https://openalex.org/W2481698113","https://openalex.org/W2481735848","https://openalex.org/W2566774925","https://openalex.org/W2739855756","https://openalex.org/W2742385700","https://openalex.org/W2785483064","https://openalex.org/W2790846111","https://openalex.org/W2907336626","https://openalex.org/W2915061405","https://openalex.org/W3102923851","https://openalex.org/W4292510839","https://openalex.org/W4300011629","https://openalex.org/W6604244765","https://openalex.org/W6670261248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942800108","https://openalex.org/W172904397","https://openalex.org/W2108479988","https://openalex.org/W2529758252","https://openalex.org/W2080384562","https://openalex.org/W4225394202","https://openalex.org/W2093282101","https://openalex.org/W2386289146","https://openalex.org/W2359769407","https://openalex.org/W2164483272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"energy":[4,120],"management":[5],"system":[6],"(EMS)":[7],"for":[8,33],"a":[9,28,35,52,82,95,101,135,144,162],"fuel":[10,164],"cell":[11],"(FC)":[12],"hybrid":[13],"electric":[14],"vehicle.":[15],"The":[16,40,77,106,151],"EMS":[17,78,113],"is":[18,114,138],"based":[19],"on":[20,81,94],"nonlinear":[21,75],"model":[22,54],"predictive":[23,55],"control":[24,47,56],"(NMPC)":[25],"and":[26,86,147,166],"employs":[27],"recurrent":[29],"neural":[30],"network":[31],"(RNN)":[32],"modeling":[34],"proton":[36],"exchange":[37],"membrane":[38],"FC.":[39],"NMPC":[41,112,160],"makes":[42],"possible":[43],"the":[44,65,68,73,87,111,118,127,141,159],"formulation":[45],"of":[46,64,153],"objectives":[48],"not":[49],"allowed":[50],"by":[51],"linear":[53,145],"(MPC),":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59,122,124],"maximum":[60],"efficiency":[61],"point":[62],"tracking":[63],"FC,":[66],"while":[67],"RNN":[69],"can":[70,167],"accurately":[71],"predict":[72],"FC":[74,104,128,169],"dynamics.":[76],"was":[79],"implemented":[80],"low-cost":[83],"development":[84],"board,":[85],"experiments":[88],"were":[89],"performed":[90,139],"in":[91,129],"real":[92,102],"time":[93],"hardware-in-the-loop":[96],"test":[97],"bench":[98],"equipped":[99],"with":[100],"3-kW":[103],"stack.":[105],"experimental":[107],"results":[108,152],"demonstrate":[109,157],"that":[110,158],"able":[115],"to":[116,125],"meet":[117],"vehicle's":[119],"demand,":[121],"well":[123],"operate":[126],"its":[130],"most":[131],"efficient":[132],"region.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"comparative":[136,155],"study":[137,156],"between":[140],"proposed":[142],"NMPC,":[143],"MPC,":[146],"hysteresis":[148],"band":[149],"control.":[150],"this":[154],"provides":[161],"better":[163],"economy":[165],"reduce":[168],"degradation.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
