{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005904504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","title":"Distribution-Invariant Deep Belief Network for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Machines Under New Working Conditions","display_name":"Distribution-Invariant Deep Belief Network for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Machines Under New Working Conditions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005904504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","mag":"3005904504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110591166","display_name":"Saibo Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saibo Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008554873","display_name":"Yaguo Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5167-1459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaguo Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5167-1459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669246","display_name":"Shuhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2406-5274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081893651","display_name":"Feng Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-4413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":168,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99223692,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"3","first_page":"2617","last_page":"2625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.9646497964859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.8336855173110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.7019287943840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6953974366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.606713056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5963636040687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5962304472923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5571717619895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.4843041002750397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45357194542884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4261646270751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4162077307701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22587800025939941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.9646497964859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.8336855173110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7019287943840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6953974366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.606713056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5963636040687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5962304472923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5571717619895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.4843041002750397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45357194542884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4261646270751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4162077307701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22587800025939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2972461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5775067451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W1565327149","https://openalex.org/W1605077306","https://openalex.org/W1967879920","https://openalex.org/W1991723619","https://openalex.org/W2018168021","https://openalex.org/W2054912984","https://openalex.org/W2074199507","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2132037657","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2212660284","https://openalex.org/W2219903032","https://openalex.org/W2230524333","https://openalex.org/W2317595875","https://openalex.org/W2523408358","https://openalex.org/W2556013418","https://openalex.org/W2621745170","https://openalex.org/W2692693673","https://openalex.org/W2738563279","https://openalex.org/W2740497745","https://openalex.org/W2744885465","https://openalex.org/W2754767460","https://openalex.org/W2763583057","https://openalex.org/W2767547957","https://openalex.org/W2805975258","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2898760173","https://openalex.org/W2911574871","https://openalex.org/W2919358988","https://openalex.org/W2962977065","https://openalex.org/W2963168418","https://openalex.org/W6633949838","https://openalex.org/W6688325169","https://openalex.org/W6741850705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064630666","https://openalex.org/W3121598771","https://openalex.org/W2287713958","https://openalex.org/W2513801676","https://openalex.org/W2184456254","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W3010338767","https://openalex.org/W2737967172","https://openalex.org/W1257380361","https://openalex.org/W2133034788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,5,49,64,80,86,96,107,132],"deep":[2,6],"learning":[3,186],"model,":[4],"belief":[7],"network":[8],"(DBN)":[9],"consists":[10,78],"of":[11,34,41,51,79],"multiple":[12],"restricted":[13],"Boltzmann":[14],"machines":[15],"(RBMs).":[16],"Based":[17],"on":[18],"DBN,":[19],"many":[20],"intelligent":[21],"fault":[22],"diagnosis":[23,59,148,163],"methods":[24,29],"are":[25],"proposed.":[26],"However,":[27],"these":[28],"seldom":[30],"considered":[31],"the":[32,39,114,170,184],"appearance":[33],"new":[35],"working":[36,45,128],"conditions":[37,46],"during":[38],"operation":[40],"real":[42],"machines.":[43],"Varying":[44],"lead":[47],"to":[48,68,119,138,146,156,176],"change":[50],"feature":[52,185],"distributions":[53,125],"and":[54,91,160],"finally":[55],"result":[56],"in":[57],"low":[58],"accuracies.":[60],"Therefore,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"distribution-invariant":[65,70,158,178],"DBN":[66],"(DIDBN)":[67],"learn":[69,157,177],"features":[71,121,159,179],"directly":[72],"from":[73],"raw":[74],"vibration":[75],"data.":[76],"DIDBN":[77,135,153,173],"locally":[81,108],"connected":[82,88,109],"RBM":[83,89,93],"(LCRBM)":[84],"layer,":[85,90],"fully":[87],"an":[92],"layer":[94,103,116],"with":[95,106],"mean":[97],"discrepancy":[98],"maximum":[99],"(MDM-RBM).":[100],"The":[101,141],"LCRBM":[102],"is":[104,117,136,144,154,174,180],"designed":[105],"structure.":[110],"By":[111],"proposing":[112],"MDM,":[113],"MDM-RBM":[115],"able":[118,137,155,175],"obtain":[120],"that":[122,152],"have":[123],"close":[124],"under":[126],"varying":[127],"conditions.":[129],"Followed":[130],"by":[131,182],"softmax":[133],"classifier,":[134],"recognize":[139],"faults.":[140],"proposed":[142,167],"method":[143],"applied":[145],"two":[147],"cases.":[149],"Results":[150],"verify":[151],"achieve":[161],"higher":[162],"accuracies":[164],"than":[165],"recently":[166],"methods.":[168],"Moreover,":[169],"reason":[171],"why":[172],"explained":[181],"visualizing":[183],"process.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}