{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981932899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","title":"An Initial States Recognition (ISR) Method for Start-Up of 1\u0424 BLDC Motor in Hall-Sensor-Less Fan Applications","display_name":"An Initial States Recognition (ISR) Method for Start-Up of 1\u0424 BLDC Motor in Hall-Sensor-Less Fan Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981932899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","mag":"2981932899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041156868","display_name":"Zong-Hong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zong-Hong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-7127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060957401","display_name":"Yie\u2010Tone Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yie-Tone Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-2805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073434732","display_name":"Hsueh-Hung Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh-Hung Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103746344","display_name":"Ruey\u2010Hsun Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruey-Hsun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053600725","display_name":"Chung\u2010Wen Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-545X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Wen Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041156868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62219495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"8302","last_page":"8311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7596365809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counter-electromotive-force","display_name":"Counter-electromotive force","score":0.746859610080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6503666639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.6367648243904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5792627930641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.5547319650650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"Thrust","score":0.5299656987190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5211689472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4211560785770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-motor","display_name":"DC motor","score":0.4104107916355133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40343397855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3510064482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3135995864868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1972619891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13874974846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1091611385345459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7596365809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3775766","display_name":"Counter-electromotive force","level":3,"score":0.746859610080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6503666639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.6367648243904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5792627930641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5547319650650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.5299656987190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5211689472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4211560785770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76684090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3842034","display_name":"DC motor","level":2,"score":0.4104107916355133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40343397855758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3510064482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3135995864868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1972619891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13874974846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1091611385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969651326","https://openalex.org/W1971610588","https://openalex.org/W1991039953","https://openalex.org/W2023190424","https://openalex.org/W2035450656","https://openalex.org/W2039266701","https://openalex.org/W2041964770","https://openalex.org/W2074575107","https://openalex.org/W2085237698","https://openalex.org/W2094516522","https://openalex.org/W2097085463","https://openalex.org/W2104617624","https://openalex.org/W2109522809","https://openalex.org/W2114413592","https://openalex.org/W2117033805","https://openalex.org/W2130243203","https://openalex.org/W2147292190","https://openalex.org/W2154265769","https://openalex.org/W2168124456","https://openalex.org/W2239747843","https://openalex.org/W2331339320","https://openalex.org/W2559978800","https://openalex.org/W2574086583","https://openalex.org/W2584066968","https://openalex.org/W2610140261","https://openalex.org/W2898666251","https://openalex.org/W6660301547","https://openalex.org/W6675645016","https://openalex.org/W6682474565","https://openalex.org/W6684810645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065377425","https://openalex.org/W2360026622","https://openalex.org/W1988878191","https://openalex.org/W3093831078","https://openalex.org/W3031350550","https://openalex.org/W180842614","https://openalex.org/W2151281288","https://openalex.org/W3194062811","https://openalex.org/W4309226451","https://openalex.org/W2753212973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,84,142,164],"initial":[1,50],"state":[2],"is":[3,69,73,89,104,200],"very":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,109],"a":[7,21,70,179],"single-phase":[8,66,111,181],"brushless":[9],"DC":[10],"(BLDC)":[11],"fan":[12,18,183],"motor":[13,113],"when":[14],"starting,":[15],"especially":[16],"in":[17,77,152],"application":[19],"with":[20,160],"nonstatic":[22],"motor.":[23,184],"direction":[25,63,175],"of":[26,65,135,145,189],"self-rotation":[27,62,174],"caused":[28],"by":[29,91],"the":[30,39,57,61,92,96,101,106,110,116,124,132,136,161,173,187,192,197],"external":[31],"thrust":[32],"needs":[33],"to":[34,37,55,99,114,171],"be":[35,150],"considered":[36],"avoid":[38],"starting":[40,58,178],"fail":[41],"or":[42,156],"wrong":[43],"running":[44],"direction.":[45,163],"This":[46],"article":[47],"proposes":[48],"an":[49],"states":[51],"recognition":[52,176],"(ISR)":[53],"method":[54,167,199],"smartize":[56],"procedure.":[59],"However,":[60],"identification":[64],"BLDC":[67,112,182],"motors":[68],"challenge,":[71],"which":[72,88],"even":[74],"more":[75],"difficult":[76],"some":[78],"applications":[79],"without":[80],"rotor":[81],"position":[82,119],"sensors.":[83],"unequal":[85],"air":[86],"gap,":[87],"designed":[90],"geometric":[93],"variation":[94],"on":[95],"pole":[97],"shoe":[98],"form":[100,131],"asymmetric":[102,143],"stator,":[103],"generally":[105],"necessary":[107],"design":[108],"dodge":[115],"null":[117],"torque":[118],"(dead":[120],"point)":[121],"and":[122,127,202],"determine":[123],"operation":[125],"direction;":[126],"it":[128],"will":[129,149],"further":[130],"asymmetrical":[133],"waveform":[134,148],"back":[137,146],"electromotive":[138],"force":[139],"(EMF)":[140],"voltage.":[141],"distribution":[144],"EMF":[147],"opposite":[151],"half":[153,158],"cycle":[154],"(positive":[155],"negative":[157],"cycle)":[159],"rotation":[162],"proposed":[165,198],"ISR":[166],"utilizes":[168],"this":[169],"trait":[170],"achieve":[172],"before":[177],"dynamic":[180],"Finally,":[185],"under":[186],"architecture":[188],"Hall-sensor-less":[190],"control,":[191],"experimental":[193],"results":[194],"prove":[195],"that":[196],"reliable":[201],"feasible.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}