{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981955743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","title":"Graph-Theory-Based Modeling and Control for System-Level Optimization of Smart Transformers","display_name":"Graph-Theory-Based Modeling and Control for System-Level Optimization of Smart Transformers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981955743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","mag":"2981955743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053880143","display_name":"Marco Liserre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Liserre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077703904","display_name":"Vivek Raveendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Raveendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-0350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091891347","display_name":"Markus Andresen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-1672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Andresen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-1672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8340915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"8910","last_page":"8920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.755066990852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5960019826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5539872050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5378614664077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5330172181129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4965994954109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47633057832717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.4367203414440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.4365840554237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4317914843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4157556891441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.414014995098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.291387140750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.26206278800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23158130049705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20896291732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13693860173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11420410871505737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.755066990852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5960019826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5539872050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5378614664077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5330172181129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4965994954109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47633057832717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4367203414440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.4365840554237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4317914843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4157556891441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.414014995098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.291387140750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.26206278800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23158130049705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20896291732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13693860173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11420410871505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2947837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6282911206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"616344\u2014HEART","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596967432","https://openalex.org/W1679944651","https://openalex.org/W1970706794","https://openalex.org/W1982574138","https://openalex.org/W1985572108","https://openalex.org/W1990778263","https://openalex.org/W2004958883","https://openalex.org/W2008470559","https://openalex.org/W2036716139","https://openalex.org/W2040366413","https://openalex.org/W2052956233","https://openalex.org/W2054101951","https://openalex.org/W2086507824","https://openalex.org/W2097694057","https://openalex.org/W2105831729","https://openalex.org/W2108043418","https://openalex.org/W2108776657","https://openalex.org/W2150763729","https://openalex.org/W2471626177","https://openalex.org/W2525013347","https://openalex.org/W2592241643","https://openalex.org/W2622528438","https://openalex.org/W2741400370","https://openalex.org/W2798954415","https://openalex.org/W2804532778","https://openalex.org/W2906923424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230687177","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W1968829728","https://openalex.org/W2349859869","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W4316651471","https://openalex.org/W2051365847","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W3175520219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"transformers":[1],"offer":[2],"the":[3,7,11,19,38,44,55,90,104,109,135,138],"possibility":[4],"to":[5,10,97,133],"reduce":[6],"costs":[8],"related":[9],"integration":[12],"of":[13,54,79,106,137],"renewables":[14],"and":[15,21,34,51,63,114,128],"charging":[16],"station":[17],"into":[18],"grid":[20],"are":[22,131],"gaining":[23],"industrial":[24],"interests.":[25],"Grid":[26],"system":[27],"operators":[28],"request":[29],"modularity":[30],"for":[31,76,111],"easy":[32],"maintenance":[33],"power":[35,39,68,91,107,117],"scalability.":[36],"Normally,":[37],"is":[40,85,126],"shared":[41],"equally":[42],"in":[43,49,59,94],"modular":[45,80,95],"structure.":[46],"However,":[47],"differences":[48],"electrical":[50],"thermal":[52],"parameters":[53],"individual":[56],"cells":[57,110],"result":[58],"a":[60,73,98],"nonoptimal":[61],"efficiency":[62],"reliability":[64,113],"characteristics":[65],"with":[66,82],"equal":[67],"sharing.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"generalized":[74],"approach":[75],"system-level":[77],"modeling":[78],"converters":[81],"graph":[83],"theory":[84,88],"presented.":[86],"Graph":[87],"simplifies":[89],"flow":[92,100,124],"management":[93],"architectures":[96],"network":[99],"problem,":[101],"thereby":[102],"facilitating":[103],"routing":[105,118],"among":[108],"optimizing":[112],"efficiency.":[115],"A":[116],"algorithm":[119],"based":[120],"on":[121],"convex":[122],"cost":[123],"optimization":[125],"discussed,":[127],"case":[129],"studies":[130],"presented":[132],"demonstrate":[134],"potential":[136],"proposed":[139],"method.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}