{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977060545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","title":"Thermal Quantitative Analysis and Design Method of Bistable Permanent Magnet Actuators Based on Multiphysics Methodology","display_name":"Thermal Quantitative Analysis and Design Method of Bistable Permanent Magnet Actuators Based on Multiphysics Methodology","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977060545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","mag":"2977060545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026105976","display_name":"Cao Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048679568","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4342-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892500","display_name":"Wenqing Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119203015","display_name":"Shandong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02mr3ar13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026105976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119203015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84683994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"9","first_page":"7727","last_page":"7735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12898","display_name":"Induction Heating and Inverter Technology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12699","display_name":"Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armature","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","score":0.8565983772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiphysics","display_name":"Multiphysics","score":0.709057092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.6747463941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.6608470678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6335103511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.6121493577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-loss","display_name":"Copper loss","score":0.5543065071105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistability","display_name":"Bistability","score":0.4897646903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.467040479183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.45787686109542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.43658989667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.420898973941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37926703691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.3650220036506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2899898588657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.2863948941230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22949573397636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21022048592567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.20228803157806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19050070643424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.18238797783851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1379411220550537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93671265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557042","display_name":"Armature (electrical engineering)","level":3,"score":0.8565983772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46435376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829750","display_name":"Multiphysics","level":3,"score":0.709057092666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.6747463941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.6608470678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6335103511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.6121493577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61906436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225223","display_name":"Copper loss","level":3,"score":0.5543065071105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97292510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620","display_name":"Bistability","level":2,"score":0.4897646903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.467040479183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.45787686109542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.43658989667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.420898973941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37926703691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3650220036506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2899898588657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.2863948941230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22949573397636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21022048592567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.20228803157806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19050070643424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.18238797783851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1379411220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2942539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1155898370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1526328149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51905319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5522451482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51875326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6595531680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019MEE049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631213410","https://openalex.org/W1654638527","https://openalex.org/W1657539713","https://openalex.org/W1973962800","https://openalex.org/W1975119470","https://openalex.org/W1979039175","https://openalex.org/W1982520354","https://openalex.org/W1983516613","https://openalex.org/W1984141851","https://openalex.org/W2012593503","https://openalex.org/W2025512439","https://openalex.org/W2030155734","https://openalex.org/W2039818690","https://openalex.org/W2044950142","https://openalex.org/W2064947226","https://openalex.org/W2113193649","https://openalex.org/W2127270655","https://openalex.org/W2132962060","https://openalex.org/W2138229139","https://openalex.org/W2139508923","https://openalex.org/W2156164258","https://openalex.org/W2296713022","https://openalex.org/W2319931776","https://openalex.org/W2323010512","https://openalex.org/W2343040184","https://openalex.org/W2343187607","https://openalex.org/W2367844917","https://openalex.org/W2590567096","https://openalex.org/W2618737832","https://openalex.org/W2737589625","https://openalex.org/W2740149056","https://openalex.org/W2740726399","https://openalex.org/W2775476664","https://openalex.org/W2781156400","https://openalex.org/W2795077177","https://openalex.org/W2808841650","https://openalex.org/W2956142151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375803742","https://openalex.org/W1973124206","https://openalex.org/W4200544700","https://openalex.org/W2365725999","https://openalex.org/W2615751496","https://openalex.org/W2972583663","https://openalex.org/W2903721304","https://openalex.org/W2992049347","https://openalex.org/W2585521210","https://openalex.org/W4389722961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"thermal":[1,33,72],"model":[2,34],"of":[3,53,94,107,113,121,130,149,180,184],"bistable":[4],"permanent":[5],"magnet":[6],"actuator":[7,132],"(BPMA)":[8],"was":[9,69,115,133],"established":[10,32],"and":[11,41,47,51,55,85,92,125,178],"verified":[12],"using":[13],"multiphysics":[14],"methodology.":[15],"By":[16],"treating":[17],"the":[18,24,31,36,43,95,104,116,131,144,147,157,170],"nonsimplified":[19],"energy":[20],"consumption":[21],"distribution":[22,50],"as":[23,103],"heat":[25,108],"source":[26],"for":[27,65,90,176],"temperature":[28,40,56,112,129],"field":[29],"calculation,":[30],"adjusts":[35],"material":[37],"properties":[38],"by":[39,119,161],"considers":[42],"interaction":[44],"between":[45],"motion":[46],"loss.":[48],"The":[49,78,110,127],"change":[52],"loss":[54,84,88],"rising":[57],"were":[58],"quantitatively":[59],"analyzed.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"a":[62,181],"design":[63,179],"method":[64,172],"an":[66],"electrical":[67,140],"parameter":[68],"proposed":[70,171],"under":[71,153],"constraints":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"quantitative":[76],"analysis.":[77],"results":[79],"showed":[80],"that":[81,120],"armature":[82,114],"iron":[83],"coil":[86],"copper":[87],"accounted":[89],"24.7%":[91],"42.8%":[93],"total":[96],"loss,":[97],"respectively,":[98],"which":[99],"could":[100],"be":[101,174],"regarded":[102],"main":[105],"components":[106],"source.":[109],"balance":[111],"highest,":[117],"followed":[118],"coil,":[122],"cover,":[123],"sleeve,":[124],"PMs.":[126],"limiting":[128,137,154],"equal":[134],"to":[135,165,168],"PM's":[136],"temperature.":[138],"Through":[139],"parameters":[141],"optimization":[142],"design,":[143],"prototype":[145],"met":[146],"requirement":[148],"continuous":[150],"working":[151],"time":[152,159],"temperature,":[155],"with":[156],"response":[158],"decreased":[160],"6.9%.":[162],"In":[163],"addition":[164],"being":[166],"applied":[167],"BPMA,":[169],"can":[173],"used":[175],"analysis":[177],"wide":[182],"range":[183],"electromagnetic":[185],"actuators.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
