{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966944519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","title":"Light Sensor Based Occupancy Estimation via Bayes Filter With Neural Networks","display_name":"Light Sensor Based Occupancy Estimation via Bayes Filter With Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966944519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","mag":"2966944519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343454","display_name":"Zhenghua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038871254","display_name":"Yanbing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Institute for Industrial Internet Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-8600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Institute for Industrial Internet Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075033951","display_name":"Chaoyang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-2911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-2911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003317644","display_name":"Jie Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-2097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-2097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350631","display_name":"Le Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080343454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78742685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"7","first_page":"5787","last_page":"5797"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.7193185091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.6544374227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6252586841583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6209657788276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-bayesian-estimation","display_name":"Recursive Bayesian estimation","score":0.6092966794967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.568594753742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4794946312904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.47316011786460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-estimator","display_name":"Bayes estimator","score":0.4115179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4113346338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3715088963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.3478200435638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3428194522857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2672156095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.135282963514328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.7193185091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.6544374227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6252586841583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6209657788276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40343088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3059012","display_name":"Recursive Bayesian estimation","level":3,"score":0.6092966794967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.568594753742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4794946312904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.47316011786460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68022304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842217","display_name":"Bayes estimator","level":3,"score":0.4115179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4113346338272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3715088963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.3478200435638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3428194522857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2672156095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.135282963514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2934028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5113022810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20160807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7274569972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJ201868","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7522045778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617164912","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1635989827","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1687080872","https://openalex.org/W1972669681","https://openalex.org/W1984515777","https://openalex.org/W1995400545","https://openalex.org/W2027781082","https://openalex.org/W2054109714","https://openalex.org/W2063754791","https://openalex.org/W2065429160","https://openalex.org/W2069872789","https://openalex.org/W2082367612","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2108611194","https://openalex.org/W2115873741","https://openalex.org/W2120823019","https://openalex.org/W2155971774","https://openalex.org/W2158634074","https://openalex.org/W2163239971","https://openalex.org/W2182886880","https://openalex.org/W2236623899","https://openalex.org/W2244486986","https://openalex.org/W2279251824","https://openalex.org/W2337534032","https://openalex.org/W2403522580","https://openalex.org/W2475772748","https://openalex.org/W2538532460","https://openalex.org/W2554207730","https://openalex.org/W2585907644","https://openalex.org/W2588999845","https://openalex.org/W2611843518","https://openalex.org/W2621226175","https://openalex.org/W2737408310","https://openalex.org/W2752271148","https://openalex.org/W2784220689","https://openalex.org/W2789395272","https://openalex.org/W2794243432","https://openalex.org/W2796394553","https://openalex.org/W2888879444","https://openalex.org/W2904982178","https://openalex.org/W2916632221","https://openalex.org/W2963287487","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6684085282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095337202","https://openalex.org/W2355832472","https://openalex.org/W2367340672","https://openalex.org/W2059543766","https://openalex.org/W2167024267","https://openalex.org/W1967388971","https://openalex.org/W1570450443","https://openalex.org/W2348998903","https://openalex.org/W2035819464","https://openalex.org/W2360277993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"occupancy":[1,45,91,111],"estimation":[2,46,89],"holds":[3],"great":[4],"promise":[5],"for":[6,86,204,232],"building":[7,110],"control":[8],"systems":[9],"to":[10,23,29,161],"save":[11],"energy":[12],"and":[13,51,121,125,134,154,175,198,227],"provide":[14],"a":[15,71,78,131],"comfortable":[16],"indoor":[17],"environment.":[18],"Existing":[19],"solutions":[20],"turn":[21],"out":[22],"be":[24,113,147,220],"lacking":[25],"in":[26,70,169],"practice":[27],"due":[28],"their":[30],"specific":[31],"hardware":[32],"requirements":[33],"and/or":[34],"poor":[35],"performances.":[36],"Recently,":[37],"an":[38,135],"light-emitting":[39],"diode":[40],"(LED)":[41],"light":[42,94],"sensor":[43,95],"based":[44,92,98,222],"system,":[47],"which":[48],"is":[49,67,84,230],"nonintrusive":[50],"does":[52],"not":[53],"require":[54],"any":[55],"additional":[56],"hardware,":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59,159],"proposed.":[60],"However,":[61],"the":[62,65,87,100,105,109,144,150,163,166,180,186,192,199,214,224,228],"performance":[63,226],"of":[64,90,102,108,152,165,191,194,201,216],"system":[66],"limited,":[68],"especially":[69],"complicated":[72,171],"dynamic":[73,174],"scenario.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,233],"article,":[77],"Bayes":[79,103,182],"filter":[80,183],"with":[81],"neural":[82,140,205],"networks":[83,206],"proposed":[85,167,181],"optimal":[88],"on":[93,99,223],"data.":[96],"Specifically,":[97],"formulation":[101],"filter,":[104],"posterior":[106],"probability":[107],"can":[112,146],"decoupled":[114],"into":[115],"three":[116],"components:":[117],"The":[118,123,189,210],"prior,":[119],"likelihood,":[120],"evidence.":[122],"prior":[124,153],"likelihood":[126],"are,":[127],"respectively,":[128],"estimated":[129],"from":[130],"Markov":[132],"model":[133],"efficient":[136],"single-hidden":[137],"layer":[138],"feedforward":[139],"network":[141],"(SLFN).":[142],"Finally,":[143],"evidence":[145],"obtained":[148],"by":[149],"results":[151,211],"likelihood.":[155],"Real":[156],"experiments":[157],"have":[158],"conducted":[160],"verify":[162],"effectiveness":[164],"approach":[168],"two":[170],"scenarios,":[172],"i.e.,":[173],"regular.":[176],"Results":[177],"indicate":[178],"that":[179,213],"outperforms":[184],"all":[185],"benchmark":[187],"approaches.":[188],"impacts":[190],"number":[193,200,215],"LED":[195],"sensing":[196,217],"units":[197,218],"hidden":[202],"layers":[203],"are":[207],"also":[208],"evaluated.":[209],"manifest":[212],"should":[219],"chosen":[221],"required":[225],"SLFN":[229],"sufficient":[231],"application.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}