{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2957466190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","title":"Pole Balancing and Thermal Management in Multiterminal HVdc Grids Using Single H-Bridge-Based Current Flow Controllers","display_name":"Pole Balancing and Thermal Management in Multiterminal HVdc Grids Using Single H-Bridge-Based Current Flow Controllers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2957466190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","mag":"2957466190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043772605","display_name":"Senthooran Balasubramaniam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113874","display_name":"Energy Safety Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/026znxe07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589","https://openalex.org/I4210113874"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Senthooran Balasubramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113874","https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081134471","display_name":"Carlos E. Ugalde\u2010Loo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004183536","display_name":"Jun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081653298","display_name":"Tibin Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-1118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibin Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112218437","display_name":"Andrzej Adamczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172637570","display_name":"National Grid (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vdxde73","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172637570","https://openalex.org/I4210155979"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Adamczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE's Grid Solutions Business, Stafford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE's Grid Solutions Business, Stafford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172637570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043772605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589","https://openalex.org/I4210113874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71667759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"6","first_page":"4623","last_page":"4634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.6356757879257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.567009449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5351181030273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-bridge","display_name":"H bridge","score":0.5202466249465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4980742931365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4652116596698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4335364103317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/half-bridge","display_name":"Half bridge","score":0.42168253660202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41944289207458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management-of-electronic-devices-and-systems","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","score":0.4186423718929291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40013596415519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3352328836917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3274410367012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3053606152534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2780835032463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.2768060266971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2578568756580353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.22771981358528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.17736485600471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.15328818559646606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6356757879257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.567009449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5351181030273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545300","display_name":"H bridge","level":4,"score":0.5202466249465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4980742931365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4652116596698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4335364103317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019968007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5641793","display_name":"Half bridge","level":4,"score":0.42168253660202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41944289207458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.4186423718929291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40013596415519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3352328836917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3274410367012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3053606152534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2780835032463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2768060266971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2578568756580353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.22771981358528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.17736485600471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.15328818559646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2926059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:123418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca-dev.cardiff.ac.uk:123418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/123418/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3413233982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L021455/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4475333520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E036503/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586905329","https://openalex.org/W1909235153","https://openalex.org/W1946543062","https://openalex.org/W1967457408","https://openalex.org/W1972624581","https://openalex.org/W1973724078","https://openalex.org/W1977233074","https://openalex.org/W2004036372","https://openalex.org/W2016842781","https://openalex.org/W2019129263","https://openalex.org/W2030554714","https://openalex.org/W2032300861","https://openalex.org/W2033005616","https://openalex.org/W2035445002","https://openalex.org/W2044143324","https://openalex.org/W2071760299","https://openalex.org/W2080287871","https://openalex.org/W2080587032","https://openalex.org/W2085969679","https://openalex.org/W2112368985","https://openalex.org/W2140532707","https://openalex.org/W2159403638","https://openalex.org/W2237000436","https://openalex.org/W2276829740","https://openalex.org/W2317799679","https://openalex.org/W2320744961","https://openalex.org/W2344518897","https://openalex.org/W2415884403","https://openalex.org/W2560183775","https://openalex.org/W2599531097","https://openalex.org/W2741257184","https://openalex.org/W2756046861","https://openalex.org/W2791116281","https://openalex.org/W2806895349","https://openalex.org/W2809575050","https://openalex.org/W2907241906","https://openalex.org/W4252934855","https://openalex.org/W6651334670","https://openalex.org/W6670728796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3111060557","https://openalex.org/W2340228732","https://openalex.org/W2944109920","https://openalex.org/W2969721277","https://openalex.org/W2120594777","https://openalex.org/W2320666180","https://openalex.org/W2392503169","https://openalex.org/W2806304961","https://openalex.org/W2407791073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"flow":[1,40],"controllers":[2],"(CFCs)":[3],"are":[4],"power":[5,39,43],"electronics-based":[6],"devices":[7],"that":[8,105],"may":[9],"remove":[10],"some":[11],"technical":[12],"barriers":[13],"preventing":[14],"multiterminal":[15],"high-voltage":[16],"direct":[17],"current":[18,116],"(MTdc)":[19],"grid":[20,38,97],"deployment.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,92],"paper,":[24],"an":[25,94],"interline":[26],"CFC":[27,34],"topology":[28],"is":[29,60,103],"investigated.":[30],"The":[31,48],"single":[32,57],"H-bridge":[33],"(1B-CFC)":[35],"alters":[36],"the":[37,83,89,113,132,135],"by":[41],"transferring":[42],"between":[44],"neighboring":[45],"dc":[46,114,128,150],"lines.":[47,129],"operation":[49],"and":[50,85,147],"control":[51,63],"of":[52,88,127,134],"a":[53,56,106,148],"1B-CFC":[54,107],"under":[55,141],"modulation":[58],"scheme":[59],"presented.":[61],"A":[62],"strategy":[64],"has":[65,99,137],"been":[66,79,100,138],"proposed":[67],"to":[68,81,111,123],"provide":[69],"pole":[70,144],"balancing":[71],"support":[72],"during":[73],"imbalance":[74,145],"conditions.":[75],"Small-scale":[76],"prototypes":[77],"have":[78],"developed":[80],"demonstrate":[82],"functionality":[84],"operational":[86],"range":[87],"device.":[90],"To":[91],"end,":[93],"experimental":[95],"MTdc":[96],"test-rig":[98],"employed.":[101],"It":[102],"shown":[104],"could":[108],"be":[109,121],"used":[110],"limit":[112],"line":[115,142],"and,":[117],"additionally,":[118],"it":[119],"can":[120],"employed":[122],"enable":[124],"asymmetrical":[125],"tapping":[126],"For":[130],"completeness,":[131],"performance":[133],"device":[136],"experimentally":[139],"validated":[140],"overloading,":[143],"conditions,":[146],"pole-to-pole":[149],"fault.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}