{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915476573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","title":"Simultaneously Detecting and Counting Dense Vehicles From Drone Images","display_name":"Simultaneously Detecting and Counting Dense Vehicles From Drone Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915476573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","mag":"2915476573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318291","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-1765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114378292","display_name":"Hongliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-095X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075737786","display_name":"Qingbo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingbo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386491","display_name":"Xiaoyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062332580","display_name":"King Ngi Ngan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1946-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"King Ngi Ngan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100318291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.972213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"12","first_page":"9651","last_page":"9662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9697321057319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.778502345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5947386026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5789452791213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5647062063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5056071281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5032939314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4991452693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4825998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4505975842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44361454248428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4382796287536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4241217374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4175674319267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3819095492362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.22985410690307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13610109686851501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9697321057319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.778502345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5947386026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5789452791213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5647062063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5056071281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5032939314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4991452693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4825998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4505975842475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44361454248428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4382796287536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4241217374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4175674319267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3819095492362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.22985410690307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13610109686851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2899548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5032532683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5034034827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7098893365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61525102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8183007564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1507506748","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1559885501","https://openalex.org/W1910776219","https://openalex.org/W1958328135","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1994623790","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2042498165","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2111510771","https://openalex.org/W2125652030","https://openalex.org/W2143043751","https://openalex.org/W2158983298","https://openalex.org/W2165112272","https://openalex.org/W2171196813","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2221625691","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2439881727","https://openalex.org/W2486054460","https://openalex.org/W2513240894","https://openalex.org/W2517615595","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2608032085","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2739450375","https://openalex.org/W2746237317","https://openalex.org/W2752918824","https://openalex.org/W2767026787","https://openalex.org/W2783161597","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2798799804","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2962777203","https://openalex.org/W2962832028","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962917547","https://openalex.org/W2962921175","https://openalex.org/W2962986948","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6630336748","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6750759024","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4212885606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2,49],"are":[3],"an":[4,29,74],"essential":[5],"component":[6],"in":[7,22,61,100],"the":[8,57,79,83,101,107,140,147],"realization":[9],"of":[10,142,149],"Industry":[11],"4.0.":[12],"With":[13],"drones":[14],"helping":[15],"to":[16,44,77,139],"improve":[17],"industrial":[18],"safety":[19],"and":[20,25,47,113],"efficiency":[21],"utilities,":[23],"construction,":[24],"communication,":[26],"there":[27],"is":[28],"urgent":[30],"need":[31],"for":[32,92,125],"drone-based":[33],"intelligent":[34],"applications.":[35],"In":[36,166],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,72,105,129],"develop":[40],"a":[41,131,135,173],"unified":[42],"framework":[43],"simultaneously":[45],"detect":[46],"count":[48],"from":[50],"drone":[51,64],"images.":[52],"We":[53],"first":[54],"explore":[55],"why":[56],"state-of-the-art":[58,159],"detectors":[59],"fail":[60],"highly":[62],"dense":[63],"scenes,":[65],"which":[66],"provides":[67],"more":[68],"appropriate":[69],"insights.":[70],"Then,":[71],"propose":[73],"effective":[75],"loss":[76],"push":[78],"anchors":[80],"toward":[81],"matching":[82],"ground-truth":[84],"boxes":[85],"as":[86,88],"much":[87],"possible,":[89],"specifically":[90,123],"designed":[91,124],"scale-adaptive":[93],"anchor":[94],"generation.":[95],"Inspired":[96],"by":[97,115,172],"attention":[98,121],"mechanisms":[99,122],"human":[102],"visual":[103],"system,":[104],"maximize":[106],"mutual":[108],"information":[109],"between":[110],"object":[111],"classes":[112],"features":[114],"combining":[116],"bottom-up":[117],"cues":[118],"with":[119,134],"top-down":[120],"feature":[126],"extraction.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"build":[130],"counting":[132],"layer":[133],"regularized":[136],"constraint":[137],"related":[138],"number":[141],"vehicles.":[143],"Extensive":[144],"experiments":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"effectiveness":[148],"our":[150,155,168],"approach.":[151],"For":[152],"both":[153],"tasks,":[154],"proposed":[156],"method":[157],"achieves":[158],"results":[160,169],"on":[161],"all":[162],"four":[163],"challenging":[164],"datasets.":[165],"particular,":[167],"reduce":[170],"error":[171],"larger":[174],"factor":[175],"than":[176],"previous":[177],"methods.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
