{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905307075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","title":"Cascaded Multilevel Converter Topology for Large-Scale Photovoltaic System With Balanced Operation","display_name":"Cascaded Multilevel Converter Topology for Large-Scale Photovoltaic System With Balanced Operation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905307075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","mag":"2905307075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070151158","display_name":"Kangan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-4037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kangan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-4037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068266522","display_name":"Rongwu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-4738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongwu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-4738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739736","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415332","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-2558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024419096","display_name":"Xiaojie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-5686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-5686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Mining Electric and Automation and the School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053880143","display_name":"Marco Liserre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Liserre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Power Electronics, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070151158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95123754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"10","first_page":"7694","last_page":"7705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8818873763084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.6398900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.6376160383224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.611335277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5046278238296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48126524686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47101840376853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.43605583906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.42909058928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4246125817298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3577198088169098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2976571321487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09523823857307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08874121308326721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8818873763084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.6398900747299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6376160383224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.611335277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5046278238296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48126524686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47101840376853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43605583906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.42909058928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4246125817298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3577198088169098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2976571321487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09523823857307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08874121308326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2885739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8034599334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1510205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509157305","https://openalex.org/W1619816131","https://openalex.org/W1644242846","https://openalex.org/W1967458057","https://openalex.org/W1969038561","https://openalex.org/W1979225650","https://openalex.org/W2001356449","https://openalex.org/W2033505941","https://openalex.org/W2035587682","https://openalex.org/W2060177551","https://openalex.org/W2065133835","https://openalex.org/W2071463580","https://openalex.org/W2091308274","https://openalex.org/W2100966871","https://openalex.org/W2101296321","https://openalex.org/W2103829663","https://openalex.org/W2106854907","https://openalex.org/W2110938228","https://openalex.org/W2130018359","https://openalex.org/W2140975396","https://openalex.org/W2153155243","https://openalex.org/W2159388303","https://openalex.org/W2164267947","https://openalex.org/W2169498704","https://openalex.org/W2175138650","https://openalex.org/W2293311025","https://openalex.org/W2517379476","https://openalex.org/W2532060915","https://openalex.org/W2566974586","https://openalex.org/W3158561700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W4303411445","https://openalex.org/W4207040089","https://openalex.org/W2384455639","https://openalex.org/W1519622926","https://openalex.org/W2606001169","https://openalex.org/W1561400108","https://openalex.org/W1535034088","https://openalex.org/W4280567982","https://openalex.org/W2725083887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cascaded":[0],"H-bridge":[1],"(CHB)":[2],"multilevel":[3,20,45],"converters":[4,46,55,76,91],"are":[5,106],"promising":[6],"candidates":[7],"for":[8],"large-scale":[9],"grid-connected":[10],"photovoltaic":[11],"systems":[12],"(megawatt":[13],"to":[14],"gigawatt).":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,24,69,80,86,93,96,113,120,125,130],"conventional":[18],"CHB":[19,44],"converter":[21],"cannot":[22],"ensure":[23],"inter-module":[25],"and":[26,47,100,116,127,133],"inter-phase":[27],"power":[28,82],"balance,":[29],"resulting":[30],"in":[31,36,108],"imbalanced":[32],"grid":[33],"currents.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"this":[37,59],"paper,":[38],"a":[39,62],"new":[40],"topology":[41,132],"consisting":[42],"of":[43,68,72,89,95,102,112,119,129],"interleaved-boost":[48],"full-bridge":[49],"LLC":[50],"(IB-FBLLC)-based":[51],"three-port":[52,74],"dc-dc":[53,75,90],"isolation":[54],"is":[56],"proposed.":[57],"In":[58],"proposed":[60,131],"topology,":[61],"common":[63],"dc":[64],"bus":[65],"made":[66],"up":[67],"low-voltage-side":[70],"ports":[71],"IB-FBLLC-based":[73],"can":[77],"completely":[78],"solve":[79],"inherent":[81],"imbalance":[83],"issues.":[84],"Moreover,":[85],"design":[87],"parameters":[88],"considering":[92],"minimization":[94],"input":[97],"current":[98],"ripple":[99],"optimization":[101],"switching":[103],"frequency":[104],"range":[105],"discussed":[107],"detail.":[109],"Simulation":[110],"results":[111,118],"three-phase":[114],"system":[115,122],"experimental":[117],"single-phase":[121],"clearly":[123],"verify":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"feasibility":[128],"control":[134],"strategies.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}