{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894551672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","title":"Optimal Energy Management and Control in Multimode Equivalent Energy Consumption of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor of Hybrid Electric Tram","display_name":"Optimal Energy Management and Control in Multimode Equivalent Energy Consumption of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor of Hybrid Electric Tram","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894551672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","mag":"2894551672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073380309","display_name":"Yu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1444-1045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735745","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954870","display_name":"Weirong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weirong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024383310","display_name":"Bo Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-8859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320748","display_name":"Jiawei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6105-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064304208","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-3978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073380309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98337855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"8","first_page":"6065","last_page":"6076"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitor","display_name":"Supercapacitor","score":0.7594716548919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.7345061302185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6836674213409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6389122605323792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.4839909076690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4370938539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.43682849407196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41898268461227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.40914103388786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38754796981811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3681536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31846320629119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13314110040664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0871422290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.07289063930511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.7594716548919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.7345061302185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6836674213409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6389122605323792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4839909076690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4370938539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.43682849407196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41898268461227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.40914103388786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38754796981811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3681536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31846320629119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13314110040664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0871422290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.07289063930511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2871792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3378447214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G481713459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1201003-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599731503","https://openalex.org/W1970379478","https://openalex.org/W1976042942","https://openalex.org/W1983371037","https://openalex.org/W1984739308","https://openalex.org/W1991011812","https://openalex.org/W1999095479","https://openalex.org/W2002820907","https://openalex.org/W2004899107","https://openalex.org/W2017647784","https://openalex.org/W2018573941","https://openalex.org/W2028753762","https://openalex.org/W2033509089","https://openalex.org/W2039633010","https://openalex.org/W2049987474","https://openalex.org/W2051505563","https://openalex.org/W2051591017","https://openalex.org/W2097553641","https://openalex.org/W2100705804","https://openalex.org/W2119781256","https://openalex.org/W2149751000","https://openalex.org/W2160065463","https://openalex.org/W2163848819","https://openalex.org/W2169639590","https://openalex.org/W2319292949","https://openalex.org/W2399469249","https://openalex.org/W2474605857","https://openalex.org/W2520792472","https://openalex.org/W2562465851","https://openalex.org/W2578617249","https://openalex.org/W2624971682","https://openalex.org/W2627057877","https://openalex.org/W2737910747","https://openalex.org/W2752975649","https://openalex.org/W2754060618","https://openalex.org/W2766491758","https://openalex.org/W2785483064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214666829","https://openalex.org/W3133930036","https://openalex.org/W3106248067","https://openalex.org/W2384093239","https://openalex.org/W2891382877","https://openalex.org/W3103756238","https://openalex.org/W4387577058","https://openalex.org/W2164950787","https://openalex.org/W2791816924","https://openalex.org/W3138370843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"low":[1],"energy":[2,9,13,30,67,73,88,131,159],"consumption":[3,89,132,160],"and":[4,15,39,62,85,104,161],"operational":[5,175],"stability,":[6],"multimode":[7],"equivalent":[8,87],"consumption,":[10],"an":[11,40],"optimal":[12,66],"management":[14],"control":[16],"method,":[17,69],"is":[18,78,105,140,145],"proposed":[19],"in":[20,45,135],"this":[21,98,143],"paper.":[22],"This":[23],"method":[24,99,122,125,144],"effectively":[25,170],"solves":[26],"the":[27,33,54,65,71,76,81,86,95,101,108,119,123,128,149,174,184,187],"problem":[28],"of":[29,53,75,182,186],"distribution":[31,68],"between":[32],"primary":[34],"power-a":[35],"high-power":[36],"fuel":[37,153,162],"cell":[38,163],"auxiliary":[41],"power-and":[42],"a":[43,179],"supercapacitor,":[44],"complex":[46,136],"operating":[47,137],"conditions.":[48,138],"In":[49,91],"all":[50],"four":[51],"states":[52],"hybrid":[55,156],"electric":[56],"tram,":[57,77,157],"i.e.,":[58],"traction,":[59],"coasting,":[60],"braking,":[61],"station":[63],"parking,":[64],"with":[70],"highest":[72],"efficiency":[74],"obtained":[79],"through":[80],"whole":[82],"system":[83,164],"modeling":[84],"calculation.":[90],"order":[92],"to":[93,118,148,173],"verify":[94],"responding":[96],"speed,":[97],"gets":[100],"analytical":[102],"solution":[103],"tested":[106],"on":[107],"RT-LAB":[109],"hardware-in-the-loop":[110],"simulation":[111],"platform.":[112],"The":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116],"compared":[117],"power":[120],"following":[121],"new":[124],"can":[126],"reduce":[127],"overall":[129],"tram":[130],"by":[133],"2.5%":[134],"What":[139],"more,":[141],"when":[142],"successfully":[146],"applied":[147],"world's":[150],"first":[151],"commercial":[152],"cell/supercapacitor":[154],"LF-LRV":[155],"its":[158],"(FCS)":[165],"output":[166],"fluctuation":[167],"rate":[168],"are":[169],"reduced":[171],"according":[172],"data,":[176],"which":[177],"indicates":[178],"good":[180],"chance":[181],"extending":[183],"life":[185],"FCS":[188],"as":[189],"well.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}