{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884730950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","title":"Dual-Rate Operational Optimal Control for Flotation Industrial Process With Unknown Operational Model","display_name":"Dual-Rate Operational Optimal Control for Flotation Industrial Process With Unknown Operational Model","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884730950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","mag":"2884730950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396295","display_name":"Yi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-0119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101629891","display_name":"Jialu Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-1741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042520521","display_name":"Tianyou Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-1483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyou Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and International Joint Research Laboratory of Integrated Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016137188","display_name":"Frank L. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-1615"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank L. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100396295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98341025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"4587","last_page":"4599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setpoint","display_name":"Setpoint","score":0.9229350090026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7698197364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6355100870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5672222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4995551109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.49411872029304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.47722628712654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.460705429315567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4487437903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.44058090448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.42638319730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4149530231952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.30441775918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2919139862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16898438334465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.126553475856781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.9229350090026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7698197364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6355100870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5672222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4995551109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.49411872029304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.47722628712654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.460705429315567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4487437903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.44058090448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.42638319730758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4149530231952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30441775918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2919139862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16898438334465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.126553475856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2856198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460833335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61533015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3951694549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N160804001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7583496911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61333012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G772161998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61304028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490425319","https://openalex.org/W1511275238","https://openalex.org/W1525764167","https://openalex.org/W1965481796","https://openalex.org/W1969959431","https://openalex.org/W1972411113","https://openalex.org/W1976231238","https://openalex.org/W1983089547","https://openalex.org/W1983523797","https://openalex.org/W2010152647","https://openalex.org/W2020320881","https://openalex.org/W2029661056","https://openalex.org/W2054471757","https://openalex.org/W2056664593","https://openalex.org/W2065650941","https://openalex.org/W2073341093","https://openalex.org/W2077402214","https://openalex.org/W2084693097","https://openalex.org/W2085194340","https://openalex.org/W2089671642","https://openalex.org/W2117680746","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2138155072","https://openalex.org/W2152161277","https://openalex.org/W2161180754","https://openalex.org/W2171065122","https://openalex.org/W2179190100","https://openalex.org/W2314233559","https://openalex.org/W2333120204","https://openalex.org/W2344560087","https://openalex.org/W2345094194","https://openalex.org/W2554143848","https://openalex.org/W2605603065","https://openalex.org/W2606378794","https://openalex.org/W2636582669","https://openalex.org/W2732426795","https://openalex.org/W2761756876","https://openalex.org/W2762709466","https://openalex.org/W2767012972","https://openalex.org/W2767307332","https://openalex.org/W2771641782","https://openalex.org/W2790958326","https://openalex.org/W2794073143","https://openalex.org/W2801899875","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6683578835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2667392788","https://openalex.org/W172676736","https://openalex.org/W2169601993","https://openalex.org/W1971292522","https://openalex.org/W2183995771","https://openalex.org/W2559264007","https://openalex.org/W3004171367","https://openalex.org/W1494581972","https://openalex.org/W1892941422","https://openalex.org/W1482561480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,10,19,25,50,54,102,114,119,122,126,141,144],"two-timescales":[4],"operational":[5,16,55,103],"optimal":[6],"control":[7],"problem":[8],"for":[9,65],"flotation":[11,46],"industrial":[12],"process":[13,47],"with":[14,80],"unknown":[15,82],"model":[17,48,79],"in":[18,113,133],"presence":[20],"of":[21,121,143],"setpoint":[22],"constraints":[23],"on":[24,34,87],"device":[26,51,66,123],"layer.":[27],"A":[28],"novel":[29],"dual-rate":[30,45],"data-driven":[31],"algorithm":[32,94],"based":[33],"lifting":[35,72],"technology":[36],"and":[37,53,107],"reinforcement":[38],"learning":[39,93],"(RL)":[40],"is":[41,57,68,84,98],"proposed.":[42],"First,":[43],"a":[44,60,74,89,134],"including":[49],"layer":[52,67,124],"models":[56],"formulated.":[58],"Then,":[59],"proportional":[61],"integral":[62],"(PI)":[63],"controller":[64],"designed,":[69],"by":[70],"using":[71,95],"technology,":[73],"unified":[75],"timescale":[76],"controlled":[77],"plant":[78],"partially":[81],"dynamics":[83],"established.":[85],"Based":[86],"such":[88],"model,":[90],"an":[91],"online":[92],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"presented":[99],"so":[100],"that":[101],"indices,":[104],"namely":[105],"concentrate":[106],"tail":[108],"grades,":[109],"can":[110],"be":[111],"kept":[112],"target":[115],"range":[116],"while":[117],"maintaining":[118],"setpoints":[120],"within":[125],"specified":[127],"bounds.":[128],"At":[129],"last,":[130],"emulation":[131],"experiments":[132],"hardware-in-the-loop":[135],"system":[136],"are":[137],"used":[138],"to":[139],"verify":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"proposed":[145],"method.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}