{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621037638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","title":"Arm-Balancing Control and Experimental Validation of a Grid-Connected MMC With Pulsed DC Load","display_name":"Arm-Balancing Control and Experimental Validation of a Grid-Connected MMC With Pulsed DC Load","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621037638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","mag":"2621037638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/859703","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015855203","display_name":"Marija Jankovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-9757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marija Jankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-9757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002032917","display_name":"Alessandro Costabeber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-3568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Costabeber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032319395","display_name":"Alan J. Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-5535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068454145","display_name":"John Clare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8243-4280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon C. Clare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81894477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"12","first_page":"9180","last_page":"9190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.9483000040054321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6524613499641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6252410411834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5902725458145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5056843757629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.49192142486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4880322515964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-phase","display_name":"Three-phase","score":0.4650583863258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46103882789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-power","display_name":"Pulsed power","score":0.44186729192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.43422794342041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-current","display_name":"Direct current","score":0.42648860812187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42511850595474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36441653966903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3448109030723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2901783585548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2249896228313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11641383171081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6524613499641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6252410411834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5902725458145142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5056843757629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.49192142486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4880322515964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.4650583863258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46103882789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97039730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552565","display_name":"Pulsed power","level":3,"score":0.44186729192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.43422794342041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241","display_name":"Direct current","level":3,"score":0.42648860812187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42511850595474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36441653966903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3448109030723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2901783585548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2249896228313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11641383171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2711516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:43449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7938353/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:859703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/859703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:859703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/859703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494963221","https://openalex.org/W1569324385","https://openalex.org/W1622171000","https://openalex.org/W1991440422","https://openalex.org/W1993931232","https://openalex.org/W2023524177","https://openalex.org/W2030899995","https://openalex.org/W2054531186","https://openalex.org/W2056370486","https://openalex.org/W2077326795","https://openalex.org/W2102203935","https://openalex.org/W2102476944","https://openalex.org/W2104987437","https://openalex.org/W2108926021","https://openalex.org/W2112174468","https://openalex.org/W2124836123","https://openalex.org/W2165542296","https://openalex.org/W2170998309","https://openalex.org/W2178160054","https://openalex.org/W2328229040","https://openalex.org/W2331405942","https://openalex.org/W2331701381","https://openalex.org/W2334341540","https://openalex.org/W2552477406","https://openalex.org/W2560334965","https://openalex.org/W3041565047","https://openalex.org/W4237567869","https://openalex.org/W6675636942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165791256","https://openalex.org/W4386883556","https://openalex.org/W2113925099","https://openalex.org/W3025732427","https://openalex.org/W1964308481","https://openalex.org/W3113188164","https://openalex.org/W2132492851","https://openalex.org/W2102211136","https://openalex.org/W2124122185","https://openalex.org/W1931108031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,77],"paper":[1,78],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,33,113],"the":[4,28,34,60,80,84,95,98,107],"operation":[5,96],"of":[6,65,83,97,106],"a":[7,14,89,114,121],"grid-connected":[8],"modular":[9],"multilevel":[10],"converter":[11,99],"(MMC)":[12],"supplying":[13],"pulsed":[15,61,101,124],"dc":[16,35,50,102,125],"load.":[17,103,126],"The":[18,37,104],"goal":[19],"is":[20],"to":[21,46,93],"achieve":[22],"minimum":[23],"ac":[24,48],"power":[25,30],"fluctuation":[26,31],"despite":[27],"high":[29],"present":[32],"side.":[36],"MMC":[38,117],"has":[39,109],"been":[40,110],"selected":[41],"for":[42],"its":[43],"inherent":[44],"ability":[45],"decouple":[47],"and":[49,71,87],"current":[51],"controllers.":[52],"However,":[53],"if":[54],"no":[55],"additional":[56],"provisions":[57],"are":[58],"taken,":[59],"load":[62],"causes":[63],"imbalance":[64,85],"cell":[66],"capacitor":[67],"voltages":[68],"between":[69],"upper":[70],"lower":[72],"arms":[73],"in":[74],"each":[75],"phase.":[76],"presents":[79],"theoretical":[81],"analysis":[82],"problem":[86],"proposes":[88],"simple":[90],"arm-balancing":[91],"controller":[92,108],"enable":[94],"under":[100],"effectiveness":[105],"successfully":[111],"verified":[112],"7":[115],"kW":[116],"experimental":[118],"prototype":[119],"with":[120],"3":[122],"kA":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
