{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2615004822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","title":"State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Discrete-Time Nonlinear Observer","display_name":"State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Discrete-Time Nonlinear Observer","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2615004822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","mag":"2615004822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690565","display_name":"Weilin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-3611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weilin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060984697","display_name":"Liliuyuan Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liliuyuan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428690","display_name":"Wenjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062227534","display_name":"Xiaohua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-6215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98468525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"11","first_page":"8557","last_page":"8565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8165463209152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.7226604223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.6272011399269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.6180168390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5108837485313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4923356771469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.4863494038581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","score":0.4577866792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4493806064128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42144161462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.39539816975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3243204355239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3107178807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29332876205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2570608854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08909055590629578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8165463209152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.7226604223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.6272011399269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6180168390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5108837485313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4923356771469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.4863494038581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.4577866792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4493806064128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42144161462783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.39539816975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3243204355239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3107178807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29332876205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2570608854293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08909055590629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2703685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G106073447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102017ZY027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300818372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51407144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4573243744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102017GX08001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537232376","https://openalex.org/W1618991771","https://openalex.org/W1969506110","https://openalex.org/W2001352022","https://openalex.org/W2021946857","https://openalex.org/W2037195735","https://openalex.org/W2067678026","https://openalex.org/W2078443491","https://openalex.org/W2098841048","https://openalex.org/W2099874319","https://openalex.org/W2103480424","https://openalex.org/W2125884948","https://openalex.org/W2140491680","https://openalex.org/W2151534553","https://openalex.org/W2155402159","https://openalex.org/W2167503549","https://openalex.org/W2169873492","https://openalex.org/W4242064261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547988666","https://openalex.org/W1993122764","https://openalex.org/W2140212917","https://openalex.org/W3187858031","https://openalex.org/W2134843002","https://openalex.org/W2006965721","https://openalex.org/W1995049232","https://openalex.org/W2134639127","https://openalex.org/W2129746134","https://openalex.org/W2381133264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,34],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"using":[6],"the":[7,24,29,44,51,55,57,62,65,73,81,85,95,100,104,114,117,123,130,134,145,151,158,166,170,175],"discrete-time":[8,152],"nonlinear":[9,97],"observer":[10,155,160],"(DNLO)":[11],"is":[12,77,91,110,126],"proposed":[13,118,124,159],"for":[14,26],"state-of-charge":[15],"(SOC)":[16],"estimation":[17,171],"of":[18,47,54,67,84,116,122],"lithium-ion":[19],"batteries":[20],"(LIBs).":[21],"To":[22],"design":[23],"DNLO":[25],"SOC":[27,63],"estimation,":[28],"state":[30],"equations":[31],"based":[32,132],"on":[33,61,133],"second-order":[35],"resistor\u2013capacitor":[36],"equivalent":[37],"circuit":[38],"model":[39,58],"are":[40],"derived":[41],"to":[42,79,93,112],"simulate":[43],"dynamic":[45],"behaviors":[46],"an":[48],"LIB.":[49],"Considering":[50],"hysteresis":[52],"characteristic":[53,138],"battery,":[56],"parameters":[59],"depend":[60],"and":[64,71,103,150,173],"direction":[66],"battery":[68],"current":[69],"simultaneously,":[70],"then,":[72],"exponential-function":[74],"fitting":[75],"method":[76,125],"adopted":[78,92],"identify":[80],"offline":[82],"results":[83],"parameters.":[86],"The":[87,106,120],"ninth-order":[88],"polynomial":[89],"function":[90],"represent":[94],"highly":[96],"relationship":[98],"between":[99],"open-circuit":[101],"voltage":[102],"SOC.":[105],"Lyapunov":[107],"stability":[108],"theory":[109],"used":[111],"prove":[113],"convergence":[115,176],"DNLO.":[119],"performance":[121,163],"also":[127],"verified":[128],"by":[129],"experiments":[131],"hybrid":[135],"pulse":[136],"power":[137],"test,":[139],"which":[140],"indicates":[141],"that":[142],"compared":[143],"with":[144],"extended":[146],"Kalman":[147],"filter":[148],"(EKF)":[149],"sliding":[153],"mode":[154],"(SMO)":[156],"algorithms,":[157],"has":[161],"better":[162],"in":[164],"reducing":[165],"computation":[167],"cost,":[168],"improving":[169],"accuracy":[172],"enhancing":[174],"capability.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
