{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2433797745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","title":"Small-Signal Analysis of the Microgrid Secondary Control Considering a Communication Time Delay","display_name":"Small-Signal Analysis of the Microgrid Secondary Control Considering a Communication Time Delay","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2433797745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","mag":"2433797745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086494603","display_name":"E.A.A. Coelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80850581","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3wvr31","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ernane Antonio Alves Coelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065647746","display_name":"Dan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072189850","display_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044175190","display_name":"Juan C. V\u00e1squez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. Vasquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176748","display_name":"Tomislav Dragi\u010devi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Dragicevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054388477","display_name":"\u010cedomir Stefanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cedomir Stefanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071289803","display_name":"Petar Popovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Popovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086494603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80850581"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.6547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99607837,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"10","first_page":"6257","last_page":"6269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8322703242301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6943109631538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-signal-model","display_name":"Small-signal model","score":0.560144305229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5128796100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-locus","display_name":"Root locus","score":0.5022239685058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44084417819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.43849870562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.41863542795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.41650575399398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4116246998310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4112274646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3924728035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3857768177986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.30818986892700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.16425970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10975968837738037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8322703242301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6943109631538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781038218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773875","display_name":"Small-signal model","level":3,"score":0.560144305229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5128796100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27162326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957693","display_name":"Root locus","level":3,"score":0.5022239685058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44084417819976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.43849870562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41863542795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.41650575399398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4116246998310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4112274646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3924728035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3857768177986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.30818986892700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.16425970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10975968837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2581155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/da8ad6aa-9315-4c1d-ab18-e967d99b2cb2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/da8ad6aa-9315-4c1d-ab18-e967d99b2cb2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Coelho, E A A, Wu, D, Guerrero, J M, Vasquez, J C, Dragi\u010devi\u0107, T, Stefanovi\u0107, \u010c & Popovski, P 2016, 'Small-Signal Analysis of the Microgrid Secondary Control Considering a Communication Time Delay', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 10, 7492603, pp. 6257-6269. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2581155","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7305813714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BEX9233/13-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323809","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8710732082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DFF-4005-00281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310483","funder_display_name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310483","display_name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/03ge1nb22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323809","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0xx942"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1665876831","https://openalex.org/W1674145689","https://openalex.org/W1966322913","https://openalex.org/W1974729410","https://openalex.org/W1985328793","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W1999410953","https://openalex.org/W2024559217","https://openalex.org/W2025792238","https://openalex.org/W2059709960","https://openalex.org/W2071780137","https://openalex.org/W2074229485","https://openalex.org/W2081132646","https://openalex.org/W2099040451","https://openalex.org/W2107396783","https://openalex.org/W2125106534","https://openalex.org/W2144980521","https://openalex.org/W2153632688","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2162509049","https://openalex.org/W2270528027","https://openalex.org/W2794482890","https://openalex.org/W3101412365","https://openalex.org/W4236546623","https://openalex.org/W6637449873","https://openalex.org/W6674963336","https://openalex.org/W6681348100","https://openalex.org/W6749380558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106261850","https://openalex.org/W2889478162","https://openalex.org/W1983097638","https://openalex.org/W4285775512","https://openalex.org/W4240823901","https://openalex.org/W2045685471","https://openalex.org/W2379157732","https://openalex.org/W2912528117","https://openalex.org/W3180911885","https://openalex.org/W2791434234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,39,66,72,76,87],"small-signal":[4,114],"analysis":[5,127],"of":[6,11,23,71,86,95,134],"an":[7,29,43],"islanded":[8],"microgrid":[9],"composed":[10],"two":[12],"or":[13],"more":[14],"voltage-source":[15],"inverters":[16],"connected":[17],"in":[18],"parallel.":[19],"The":[20,53,82,112],"primary":[21],"control":[22,62,74,138],"each":[24,96],"inverter":[25,97],"is":[26,57,98,106,116,128],"integrated":[27],"through":[28,118],"internal":[30],"current":[31],"and":[32,42,50,75,91,121,140],"voltage":[33,51],"loops":[34],"using":[35],"proportional":[36],"resonant":[37],"compensators,":[38],"virtual":[40],"impedance,":[41],"external":[44],"power":[45,94],"controller":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48],"frequency":[49,54],"droops.":[52],"restoration":[55],"function":[56],"implemented":[58],"at":[59],"the":[60,92,99,103,109,132,135],"secondary":[61],"level,":[63],"which":[64,105],"executes":[65],"consensus":[67,83],"algorithm":[68],"that":[69,130],"consists":[70,85],"load-frequency":[73],"single":[77],"time":[78,110,141],"delay":[79,142],"communication":[80],"network.":[81],"network":[84],"time-invariant":[88],"directed":[89],"graph":[90],"output":[93],"information":[100],"shared":[101],"among":[102],"units,":[104],"affected":[107],"by":[108],"delay.":[111],"proposed":[113],"model":[115],"validated":[117],"simulation":[119],"results":[120],"experimental":[122],"results.":[123],"A":[124],"root":[125],"locus":[126],"presented":[129],"shows":[131],"behavior":[133],"system":[136],"considering":[137],"parameters":[139],"variation.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}