{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295753081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","title":"A Positioning System Based on Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields","display_name":"A Positioning System Based on Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295753081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","mag":"2295753081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078144416","display_name":"Valter Pasku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valter Pasku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-2043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083411180","display_name":"Alessio De Angelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio De Angelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036471963","display_name":"Marco Dionigi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-9765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Dionigi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018044926","display_name":"Guido De Angelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido De Angelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047539322","display_name":"Antonio Moschitta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-5948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Moschitta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090244413","display_name":"Paolo Carbone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Carbone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97256526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"4","first_page":"2457","last_page":"2468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7183557748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.6019679307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4677956700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4604722857475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4435034394264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43851184844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.43581125140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.43129459023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-coupling","display_name":"Inductive coupling","score":0.4300040602684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3780585527420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.29760250449180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25188392400741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17296630144119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1618097424507141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7183557748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.6019679307937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4677956700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4604722857475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4435034394264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43851184844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.43581125140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.43129459023475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177872590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498289","display_name":"Inductive coupling","level":2,"score":0.4300040602684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3780585527420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.29760250449180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25188392400741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17296630144119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1618097424507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2499251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506533960","https://openalex.org/W1569638374","https://openalex.org/W1599976967","https://openalex.org/W1968366987","https://openalex.org/W1980133069","https://openalex.org/W1988404737","https://openalex.org/W1994809272","https://openalex.org/W1997209320","https://openalex.org/W2010238760","https://openalex.org/W2014629162","https://openalex.org/W2017316038","https://openalex.org/W2020442756","https://openalex.org/W2028022546","https://openalex.org/W2031522830","https://openalex.org/W2035918612","https://openalex.org/W2036751708","https://openalex.org/W2044533293","https://openalex.org/W2047152596","https://openalex.org/W2055850386","https://openalex.org/W2065889249","https://openalex.org/W2067554726","https://openalex.org/W2076564054","https://openalex.org/W2087064317","https://openalex.org/W2098899602","https://openalex.org/W2101645883","https://openalex.org/W2112094154","https://openalex.org/W2113292116","https://openalex.org/W2126026839","https://openalex.org/W2129055468","https://openalex.org/W2131042004","https://openalex.org/W2138070785","https://openalex.org/W2148747602","https://openalex.org/W2149311703","https://openalex.org/W2149922723","https://openalex.org/W2152407978","https://openalex.org/W2160565606","https://openalex.org/W2162838928","https://openalex.org/W2166792099","https://openalex.org/W2171883856","https://openalex.org/W2252359842","https://openalex.org/W2323016111","https://openalex.org/W2532695019","https://openalex.org/W2535323479","https://openalex.org/W2742163894","https://openalex.org/W4245167505","https://openalex.org/W4298334616","https://openalex.org/W6691399603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3204205940","https://openalex.org/W2170683893","https://openalex.org/W2615259895","https://openalex.org/W2370099284","https://openalex.org/W4231453522","https://openalex.org/W2386057428","https://openalex.org/W4214841623","https://openalex.org/W1938882888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,6,23,35,38,44,47,51,77,92,96,103,112,125,128,135,212,222],"design":[4],"and":[5,50,83,145,166,174,224],"realization":[7],"of":[8,25,37,91,107,127,185,205,219,230],"a":[9,56,60,64,80,84,99,182],"low-frequency":[10],"ac":[11,39],"magnetic-field-based":[12],"indoor":[13,179],"positioning":[14,168],"system":[15,18,104,213],"(PS).":[16],"The":[17,117,131,154],"operation":[19],"is":[20,53,72,87,134,158,196],"based":[21],"on":[22],"principle":[24],"inductive":[26],"coupling":[27],"between":[28,46,79,221],"wire":[29],"loop":[30],"antennas.":[31],"Specifically,":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,150],"characteristics":[36],"artificially":[40],"generated":[41],"magnetic":[42],"fields,":[43],"relation":[45],"induced":[48,93,129],"voltage":[49,94],"distance":[52,78],"modeled":[54],"with":[55,66,148],"linear":[57],"behavior":[58],"in":[59,95,177,191,198],"bilogarithmic":[61],"scale":[62],"when":[63],"configuration":[65],"coplanar,":[67],"thus":[68],"equally":[69],"oriented,":[70],"antennas":[71,109],"used.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"case,":[76],"transmitting":[81],"antenna":[82,122],"receiving":[85],"one":[86],"estimated":[88],"using":[89,160],"measurements":[90],"latter.":[97],"For":[98],"high":[100],"operational":[101],"range,":[102],"makes":[105],"use":[106],"resonant":[108,115],"tuned":[110],"at":[111],"same":[113],"nominal":[114],"frequency.":[116],"quality":[118],"factors":[119],"act":[120],"as":[121],"gain":[123],"increasing":[124],"amplitude":[126],"voltage.":[130],"low-operating":[132],"frequency":[133],"key":[136],"factor":[137],"for":[138],"improving":[139],"robustness":[140],"against":[141],"nonline-of-sight":[142],"(NLOS)":[143],"conditions":[144],"environment":[146,180,201],"influences":[147],"respect":[149],"other":[151],"existing":[152],"solutions.":[153],"realized":[155],"prototype,":[156],"which":[157],"implemented":[159],"off-the-shelf":[161],"components,":[162],"exhibits":[163],"an":[164,178,199,203,227],"average":[165],"maximum":[167],"error,":[169],"respectively,":[170],"lower":[171],"than":[172],"0.3":[173],"0.9":[175],"m":[176,187,190,207],"over":[181,202],"large":[183],"area":[184,204],"15":[186],"\u00d7":[188,208],"12":[189],"NLOS":[192],"conditions.":[193],"Similar":[194],"performance":[195],"obtained":[197],"outdoor":[200],"30":[206],"14":[209],"m.":[210],"Furthermore,":[211],"does":[214],"not":[215],"require":[216],"any":[217],"type":[218],"synchronization":[220],"nodes":[223],"can":[225],"accommodate":[226],"arbitrary":[228],"number":[229],"users":[231],"without":[232],"additional":[233],"infrastructure.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
