{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2210710618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","title":"Simulation-Based Gradient-Descent Optimization of Modular Multilevel Converter Controller Parameters","display_name":"Simulation-Based Gradient-Descent Optimization of Modular Multilevel Converter Controller Parameters","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2210710618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","mag":"2210710618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014144053","display_name":"Suman Debnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9451-7294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suman Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045396089","display_name":"Maryam Saeedifard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Saeedifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87002697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1","first_page":"102","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6522394418716431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5765627026557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5718695521354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5542336702346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5395300984382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.37657007575035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2192692756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21790894865989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12463906407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11241665482521057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6522394418716431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5765627026557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5718695521354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5542336702346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5395300984382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37657007575035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2192692756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21790894865989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12463906407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11241665482521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2472519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341054911","display_name":"Optimized and Modular Architectures for Grid Integration of a Cluster of Hydrokinetic Energy Resources","funder_award_id":"1443814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8655738995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-14-1-0615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608281560","https://openalex.org/W1991879588","https://openalex.org/W2011975264","https://openalex.org/W2027503367","https://openalex.org/W2032504240","https://openalex.org/W2037239418","https://openalex.org/W2039289383","https://openalex.org/W2041999887","https://openalex.org/W2055019925","https://openalex.org/W2056215075","https://openalex.org/W2065990987","https://openalex.org/W2067246442","https://openalex.org/W2068795173","https://openalex.org/W2110592902","https://openalex.org/W2111823020","https://openalex.org/W2124881904","https://openalex.org/W2136509165","https://openalex.org/W2145139832","https://openalex.org/W2168051031","https://openalex.org/W2168652828","https://openalex.org/W2172556833","https://openalex.org/W2316904322","https://openalex.org/W2330274414","https://openalex.org/W2792298817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W4286888643","https://openalex.org/W3210795196","https://openalex.org/W2088988140","https://openalex.org/W2803103875","https://openalex.org/W2103019253","https://openalex.org/W2951529875","https://openalex.org/W2391453316","https://openalex.org/W2097995569","https://openalex.org/W2000675896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,20,25,30,66,83,105,135,177,187],"the":[2,8,17,26,31,39,64,81,84,91,103,120,124,128,136,140,175,178,185,188],"main":[3],"technical":[4],"challenges":[5],"associated":[6],"with":[7],"modular":[9],"multilevel":[10],"converter":[11],"(MMC)":[12],"for":[13],"any":[14],"application":[15,170],"is":[16,73,150],"optimal":[18],"control":[19,24,69],"its":[21,57],"states.":[22],"Optimal":[23],"MMC":[27,36,40,86,180],"requires":[28],"determination":[29],"following:":[32,92],"1)":[33,93],"an":[34,52],"accurate":[35],"model,":[37],"2)":[38,102],"states":[41],"to":[42,63,118,152,173,183],"be":[43],"controlled":[44],"and":[45,50,56,101,127,164,182],"their":[46],"corresponding":[47],"reference":[48,129],"trajectories,":[49],"3)":[51],"appropriate":[53],"controller":[54,121,125],"type/form":[55,126],"parameters.":[58],"The":[59,132,146],"aforementioned":[60,147],"tasks":[61],"lead":[62],"formulation":[65],"a":[67,94,112,153,161,168],"multistate":[68],"optimization":[70,115,141,148,190],"problem,":[71],"which":[72],"tackled":[74],"in":[75,139],"this":[76],"paper.":[77],"This":[78,108],"paper":[79,109],"enhances":[80],"accuracy":[82,176],"existing":[85],"state-space":[87],"model":[88,100,181],"by":[89],"including":[90],"piecewise":[95],"affine":[96],"insulated-gate":[97],"bipolar":[98],"transistor/diode":[99],"impact":[104],"dead":[106],"time.":[107],"also":[110,144],"proposes":[111],"simulation-based":[113],"gradient-descent":[114],"algorithm":[116,142,149],"(cosimulation)":[117],"optimize":[119],"gains,":[122],"given":[123],"state":[130],"trajectory.":[131],"theoretical":[133],"proofs":[134],"gradients":[137],"required":[138],"are":[143,171],"provided.":[145],"applied":[151],"variable-frequency":[154],"MMC-based":[155],"drive":[156],"system.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159,166],"on":[160,167],"scaled-down":[162],"prototype":[163],"simulation":[165],"real-world":[169],"provided":[172],"validate":[174],"proposed":[179,189],"show":[184],"effectiveness":[186],"algorithm.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
