{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971187390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","title":"Direct Torque Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Based on Duty Ratio Modulation","display_name":"Direct Torque Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Based on Duty Ratio Modulation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971187390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","mag":"1971187390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039949603","display_name":"Feng Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039799646","display_name":"Kui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-6700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318950","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-735X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Province-Minist. Joint Key Lab. of Electromagn. Field & Electr. Apparatus Reliability, Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97358642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"10","first_page":"6160","last_page":"6170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8178880214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.7326738238334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.6829922199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6294285655021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5684590935707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.5506675243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.4888143241405487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43463823199272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28609970211982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1674935221672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1658427119255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1326797604560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09434682130813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.055624186992645264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8178880214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.7326738238334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.6829922199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6294285655021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5684590935707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.5506675243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.4888143241405487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43463823199272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28609970211982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1674935221672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1658427119255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1326797604560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09434682130813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.055624186992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2426678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978333826","https://openalex.org/W1979277010","https://openalex.org/W1986861799","https://openalex.org/W1990467071","https://openalex.org/W1993774344","https://openalex.org/W1995499214","https://openalex.org/W2000402120","https://openalex.org/W2014585456","https://openalex.org/W2024678153","https://openalex.org/W2029558377","https://openalex.org/W2037168792","https://openalex.org/W2080179645","https://openalex.org/W2098832004","https://openalex.org/W2103100776","https://openalex.org/W2110900178","https://openalex.org/W2116981127","https://openalex.org/W2122032716","https://openalex.org/W2122269584","https://openalex.org/W2126620870","https://openalex.org/W2140308545","https://openalex.org/W2148426875","https://openalex.org/W2150036352","https://openalex.org/W2153398429","https://openalex.org/W2163652102","https://openalex.org/W2164616388","https://openalex.org/W2179947116","https://openalex.org/W2187783960","https://openalex.org/W2338538887","https://openalex.org/W4250418432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379878679","https://openalex.org/W2349217415","https://openalex.org/W2594177041","https://openalex.org/W3010453361","https://openalex.org/W2149849098","https://openalex.org/W2383926626","https://openalex.org/W2187771390","https://openalex.org/W2387728963","https://openalex.org/W2798649203","https://openalex.org/W2353396497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"duty":[5,35],"ratio":[6,36],"modulated":[7],"direct":[8,27],"torque":[9,15,28,60],"control":[10,29,43],"(DDTC)":[11],"to":[12,40,57,72,98],"concurrently":[13],"reduce":[14],"ripple":[16,20,61,66],"and":[17,48,63,88],"stator":[18,64],"flux":[19,65],"that":[21],"are":[22,38,55,70],"typically":[23],"associated":[24],"with":[25],"conventional":[26,86],"(DTC).":[30],"Three":[31],"different":[32],"methods":[33],"of":[34,76,83,95,102],"determination":[37],"presented":[39,71],"achieve":[41],"various":[42],"objectives,":[44],"namely":[45],"DDTC-final,":[46],"DDTC-mean":[47],"DDTC-rms.":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"adjustable":[51],"error":[52],"weight":[53],"coefficients":[54],"introduced":[56],"balance":[58],"the":[59,74,80,93,100],"reduction":[62],"reduction.":[67],"Experimental":[68],"results":[69],"validate":[73],"effectiveness":[75],"proposed":[77,84,103],"DDTC.":[78,104],"Furthermore,":[79],"comparative":[81],"evaluation":[82],"DDTC,":[85],"DDTC":[87],"DTC":[89],"is":[90],"conducted":[91],"on":[92],"basis":[94],"several":[96],"criteria":[97],"verify":[99],"superiority":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
