{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052821945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","title":"Topology Review and Derivation Methodology of Single-Phase Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters for Leakage Current Suppression","display_name":"Topology Review and Derivation Methodology of Single-Phase Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters for Leakage Current Suppression","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052821945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","mag":"2052821945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101505887","display_name":"Wuhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-5815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wuhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062616410","display_name":"Yunjie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-8199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086905432","display_name":"Haoze Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-5068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoze Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001744626","display_name":"Wenfeng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfeng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082049172","display_name":"Xiangning He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangning He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040518217","display_name":"Changliang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-2196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changliang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Autom., Tianjin Univ., Tianjin, China","[Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Autom., Tianjin Univ., Tianjin, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Autom., Tianjin Univ., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Autom., Tianjin Univ., Tianjin, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101505887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.3482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":645,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99840045,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"7","first_page":"4537","last_page":"4551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.801582932472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6775877475738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6514373421669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.6469938158988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.5905930995941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5459004640579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5102035999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5064131021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4845935106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4663834571838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4514923095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.42858651280403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4250656068325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4095849096775055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.1807180941104889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0970645546913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07182970643043518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.801582932472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6775877475738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6514373421669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6469938158988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5905930995941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5459004640579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5102035999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5064131021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4845935106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4663834571838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4514923095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42858651280403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4250656068325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4095849096775055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.1807180941104889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0970645546913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07182970643043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2399278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2129735347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"973 Program 2014CB247400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5638548411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51377112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6142459930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51277195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195285139","https://openalex.org/W295443030","https://openalex.org/W1509159119","https://openalex.org/W1530500934","https://openalex.org/W1995295879","https://openalex.org/W1996734580","https://openalex.org/W2001262230","https://openalex.org/W2007776121","https://openalex.org/W2014185875","https://openalex.org/W2021383143","https://openalex.org/W2023644430","https://openalex.org/W2031849360","https://openalex.org/W2032473064","https://openalex.org/W2035229723","https://openalex.org/W2035722128","https://openalex.org/W2037463731","https://openalex.org/W2037796844","https://openalex.org/W2039514495","https://openalex.org/W2054684126","https://openalex.org/W2069928231","https://openalex.org/W2073667763","https://openalex.org/W2079974359","https://openalex.org/W2080401934","https://openalex.org/W2089158133","https://openalex.org/W2091687241","https://openalex.org/W2094168702","https://openalex.org/W2095405513","https://openalex.org/W2097847386","https://openalex.org/W2098759011","https://openalex.org/W2100096355","https://openalex.org/W2103363621","https://openalex.org/W2104588510","https://openalex.org/W2104831662","https://openalex.org/W2105059208","https://openalex.org/W2106482668","https://openalex.org/W2109103016","https://openalex.org/W2109113878","https://openalex.org/W2109176395","https://openalex.org/W2110746063","https://openalex.org/W2112684146","https://openalex.org/W2113437530","https://openalex.org/W2114119139","https://openalex.org/W2116231191","https://openalex.org/W2116398136","https://openalex.org/W2117592724","https://openalex.org/W2118384007","https://openalex.org/W2119153947","https://openalex.org/W2121782361","https://openalex.org/W2124803975","https://openalex.org/W2125287836","https://openalex.org/W2131021485","https://openalex.org/W2134297518","https://openalex.org/W2134367633","https://openalex.org/W2135966495","https://openalex.org/W2136109242","https://openalex.org/W2139772385","https://openalex.org/W2141710607","https://openalex.org/W2144872010","https://openalex.org/W2148525705","https://openalex.org/W2150136216","https://openalex.org/W2150705456","https://openalex.org/W2152226972","https://openalex.org/W2154875188","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2163717586","https://openalex.org/W2165912337","https://openalex.org/W2166072547","https://openalex.org/W2166176048","https://openalex.org/W2167106294","https://openalex.org/W2167923034","https://openalex.org/W2172792544","https://openalex.org/W2234602321","https://openalex.org/W2418160597","https://openalex.org/W2491172893","https://openalex.org/W4248350287","https://openalex.org/W6660423442","https://openalex.org/W6676765073","https://openalex.org/W6678188621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027630214","https://openalex.org/W2798896958","https://openalex.org/W4313561376","https://openalex.org/W2080420513","https://openalex.org/W3103825105","https://openalex.org/W2168095168","https://openalex.org/W2165645320","https://openalex.org/W2118835423","https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W3013760104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-phase":[0],"voltage":[1],"source":[2],"transformerless":[3,65,90,173],"inverters":[4,91,174],"have":[5,12,32],"been":[6,13,33],"developed":[7],"for":[8,152,184],"many":[9,25],"years":[10],"and":[11,29,48,61,72,95,104,136,150,156,169,177,187],"successful":[14],"commercial":[15],"applications":[16],"in":[17,35,159],"the":[18,36,55,59,64,79,89,100,114,130,134,147,153],"distributed":[19],"photovoltaic":[20],"(PV)":[21],"grid-connected":[22],"systems.":[23],"Moreover,":[24],"advanced":[26,127],"industrial":[27],"topologies":[28,118,138],"recent":[30,51,154],"innovations":[31],"published":[34,115],"last":[37],"few":[38],"years.":[39],"The":[40],"objective":[41],"of":[42,58,63,75,82,102,165],"this":[43,76,160],"paper":[44],"is":[45,85,139,175],"to":[46,53,87,110,125,141,179],"classify":[47],"review":[49],"these":[50],"contributions":[52],"establish":[54],"present":[56],"state":[57],"art":[60],"trends":[62],"inverters.":[66,128,191],"This":[67],"can":[68],"provide":[69],"a":[70,143,163],"comprehensive":[71],"insightful":[73],"overview":[74],"technology.":[77],"First,":[78],"generation":[80],"mechanism":[81],"leakage":[83],"current":[84],"investigated":[86],"divide":[88],"into":[92],"asymmetrical":[93],"inductor-based":[94,97,117],"symmetrical":[96,116],"groups.":[98],"Then,":[99],"concepts":[101],"dc-based":[103,135],"ac-based":[105,137],"decoupling":[106],"networks":[107],"are":[108],"proposed":[109],"not":[111],"only":[112],"cover":[113],"but":[119],"also":[120],"offer":[121,180],"an":[122],"innovative":[123],"strategy":[124],"derive":[126],"Furthermore,":[129],"transformation":[131],"principle":[132],"between":[133],"explored":[140],"make":[142],"clear":[144],"picture":[145],"on":[146],"general":[148],"law":[149],"framework":[151],"advances":[155],"future":[157],"trend":[158],"area.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"family":[164],"clamped":[166],"highly":[167],"efficient":[168],"reliable":[170],"inverter":[171],"concept":[172],"derived":[176],"tested":[178],"some":[181],"excellent":[182],"candidates":[183],"next-generation":[185],"high-efficiency":[186],"cost-effective":[188],"PV":[189],"grid-tie":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}