{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030700861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","title":"Improvements in Axle Box Acceleration Measurements for the Detection of Light Squats in Railway Infrastructure","display_name":"Improvements in Axle Box Acceleration Measurements for the Detection of Light Squats in Railway Infrastructure","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030700861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","mag":"2030700861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732571","display_name":"Zili Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-9101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zili Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109110866","display_name":"M. Molodova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Molodova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028978901","display_name":"Alfredo N\u00fa\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-6689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Nunez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-6689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024210771","display_name":"Rolf Dollevoet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-8284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Dollevoet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sect. of Road & Railway Eng, Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98315353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"7","first_page":"4385","last_page":"4397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axle","display_name":"Axle","score":0.8047834634780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7890682220458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast","display_name":"Ballast","score":0.7872803211212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.6665436029434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5653184056282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5523989200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4669559895992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45174407958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42106541991233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3687945604324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33624592423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1993953287601471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19320270419120789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1234181821346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10029745101928711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129727815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188209","display_name":"Axle","level":2,"score":0.8047834634780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7890682220458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.7872803211212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.6665436029434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5653184056282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5523989200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4669559895992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45174407958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42106541991233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3687945604324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33624592423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1993953287601471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19320270419120789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1234181821346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10029745101928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2389761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322835","display_name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/042ge0913"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330547","display_name":"Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod","ror":"https://ror.org/01bb1zm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","ror":"https://ror.org/057tq3593"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577992162","https://openalex.org/W1598461734","https://openalex.org/W1980971470","https://openalex.org/W1990931598","https://openalex.org/W1992267567","https://openalex.org/W1995430360","https://openalex.org/W1996021349","https://openalex.org/W1996796184","https://openalex.org/W2001492904","https://openalex.org/W2002106843","https://openalex.org/W2010641775","https://openalex.org/W2022306623","https://openalex.org/W2040483045","https://openalex.org/W2044653390","https://openalex.org/W2046386493","https://openalex.org/W2053726988","https://openalex.org/W2058959373","https://openalex.org/W2066991356","https://openalex.org/W2070014613","https://openalex.org/W2076182105","https://openalex.org/W2088600512","https://openalex.org/W2091738130","https://openalex.org/W2098046107","https://openalex.org/W2100072339","https://openalex.org/W2106474383","https://openalex.org/W2111998909","https://openalex.org/W2112438422","https://openalex.org/W2128129345","https://openalex.org/W2139748766","https://openalex.org/W2139831829","https://openalex.org/W2145099675","https://openalex.org/W2154575021","https://openalex.org/W2156127215","https://openalex.org/W2156742582","https://openalex.org/W2172683618","https://openalex.org/W2329254832","https://openalex.org/W6656282309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W615703558","https://openalex.org/W1568915530","https://openalex.org/W2509236690","https://openalex.org/W324132158","https://openalex.org/W615792946","https://openalex.org/W2003519569","https://openalex.org/W2463838762","https://openalex.org/W1983529652","https://openalex.org/W2350604628","https://openalex.org/W2386442415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Squats":[0],"are":[1,47,127],"a":[2,114],"type":[3],"of":[4,29,55,76,100,113,150,165,180],"short-wave":[5],"rolling":[6],"contact":[7],"fatigue":[8],"defect":[9],"whose":[10],"early":[11,27],"detection":[12,28],"can":[13],"contribute":[14],"to":[15,52,58,62,66,109,130,175],"cost":[16],"reductions":[17],"in":[18,91,169],"the":[19,26,53,74,77,85,92,98,111,144,148,163,173],"railway":[20],"industry.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"demonstrates":[24],"how":[25],"squats":[30,126,166,174],"is":[31,88],"possible":[32],"via":[33],"enhanced":[34],"instrumentation":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"axle":[38],"box":[39],"acceleration":[40],"(ABA)":[41],"and":[42,81,83,105,136,171],"adequate":[43],"postprocessing.":[44],"Three":[45],"improvements":[46,161],"discussed.":[48],"The":[49,94,140],"first":[50],"corresponds":[51],"use":[54,99],"longitudinal":[56,69],"ABA":[57,70],"enhance":[59],"measurement":[60,138],"sensitivity":[61],"light":[63,125],"squats.":[64],"Compared":[65],"vertical":[67],"ABA,":[68],"does":[71],"not":[72,118],"contain":[73],"vibrations":[75,179],"rail,":[78],"fastening,":[79],"sleepers,":[80],"ballast,":[82],"thus,":[84,124],"impact-related":[86],"vibration":[87],"considerably":[89],"stronger":[90],"signal.":[93],"second":[95],"improvement":[96,142],"considers":[97],"multiple":[101,134,137],"sensors,":[102],"noise-reduction":[103],"techniques,":[104],"repeated":[106],"measurements.":[107],"Due":[108],"hunting,":[110],"wheels":[112],"measuring":[115],"train":[116],"do":[117],"always":[119],"pass":[120],"over":[121],"small":[122],"squats;":[123],"more":[128,167],"likely":[129],"be":[131,176],"detected":[132],"using":[133],"sensors":[135],"runs.":[139],"third":[141],"concerns":[143],"signal-processing":[145],"solution":[146],"for":[147],"reduction":[149],"disturbances":[151],"from":[152,178],"wheel":[153],"defects.":[154],"Extensive":[155],"field":[156],"measurements":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"these":[160],"make":[162],"characteristics":[164],"visible":[168],"signals":[170],"allow":[172],"distinguished":[177],"other":[181],"origins.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}