{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075233444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","title":"Local Energy Balancing and Ancillary Services in Low-Voltage Networks With Distributed Generation, Energy Storage, and Active Loads","display_name":"Local Energy Balancing and Ancillary Services in Low-Voltage Networks With Distributed Generation, Energy Storage, and Active Loads","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075233444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","mag":"2075233444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009259402","display_name":"Blazej Olek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Blazej Olek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland","Inst. of Electr. Eng., Lodz Univ. of Technol., Lodz, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electr. Eng., Lodz Univ. of Technol., Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079406312","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Wierzbowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-8761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Wierzbowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland","Inst. of Electr. Eng., Lodz Univ. of Technol., Lodz, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electr. Eng., Lodz Univ. of Technol., Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009259402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95990701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"4","first_page":"2499","last_page":"2508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.789420485496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.5496535897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.5487882494926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.537341296672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.482725590467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.42676785588264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4227147698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-compensation","display_name":"Voltage compensation","score":0.42056217789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4121740460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3786841332912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.37204545736312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.32198506593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.303397536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2732864022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2553224563598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.13103148341178894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.789420485496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.5496535897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.5487882494926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.537341296672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.482725590467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.42676785588264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4227147698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940740","display_name":"Voltage compensation","level":3,"score":0.42056217789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4121740460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3786841332912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.37204545736312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.32198506593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.303397536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2732864022254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2553224563598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.13103148341178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2377134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1970025661","https://openalex.org/W1984283441","https://openalex.org/W1989500638","https://openalex.org/W1992644581","https://openalex.org/W1994277329","https://openalex.org/W2011679380","https://openalex.org/W2019505504","https://openalex.org/W2023500683","https://openalex.org/W2042478190","https://openalex.org/W2050359637","https://openalex.org/W2052188381","https://openalex.org/W2068258764","https://openalex.org/W2073614069","https://openalex.org/W2081754654","https://openalex.org/W2087001996","https://openalex.org/W2090500957","https://openalex.org/W2090772335","https://openalex.org/W2095196091","https://openalex.org/W2097420399","https://openalex.org/W2100665834","https://openalex.org/W2116000673","https://openalex.org/W2124575294","https://openalex.org/W2136475304","https://openalex.org/W2137006212","https://openalex.org/W2144790466","https://openalex.org/W2145397365","https://openalex.org/W2155339726","https://openalex.org/W2164304826","https://openalex.org/W2184705291","https://openalex.org/W2567349745","https://openalex.org/W2625368116","https://openalex.org/W2957752511","https://openalex.org/W3115534309","https://openalex.org/W6731638876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370517014","https://openalex.org/W2039242888","https://openalex.org/W2515867587","https://openalex.org/W1838021708","https://openalex.org/W2535445299","https://openalex.org/W2020985248","https://openalex.org/W2050685650","https://openalex.org/W2893865120","https://openalex.org/W2007031581","https://openalex.org/W1548897830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,41,57,100,135],"increasing":[1],"penetration":[2],"of":[3,21,43,54,66,89,97,103,111,129,143,150],"distributed":[4],"generation":[5,27],"(DG),":[6],"especially":[7],"RES,":[8,46],"brings":[9],"new":[10],"challenges":[11],"for":[12,132],"network":[13,31,98],"operators":[14],"to":[15,50,85,108],"ensure":[16,51,86],"energy":[17,55,68,91,114],"balancing":[18,69,115],"and":[19,70,78,127,141,154],"quality":[20],"power":[22,38],"supply.":[23],"uncontrolled":[25],"electricity":[26,124],"in":[28,117],"a":[29,34],"distribution":[30,120],"may":[32],"have":[33],"negative":[35],"impact":[36],"on":[37],"system":[39,116,121],"operation.":[40,99],"operation":[42],"DG,":[44],"particularly":[45],"should":[47],"be":[48,60],"optimized":[49],"technical":[52,95,101],"standards":[53,96],"delivery.":[56],"optimization":[58,142],"can":[59],"carried":[61],"out":[62],"using":[63,122],"the":[64,76,87,94,109,112,118,148],"concept":[65],"local":[67,90,113],"ancillary":[71],"services":[72],"(ASs)":[73],"provided":[74],"by":[75],"DG":[77],"RES.":[79],"As":[80],"shown,":[81],"they":[82],"are":[83],"able":[84],"development":[88],"resources":[92],"preserving":[93],"novelty":[102],"this":[104],"paper":[105],"presented":[106,137],"refers":[107],"implementation":[110],"low-voltage":[119],"competitive":[123],"market":[125],"rules":[126],"application":[128],"nonlinear":[130],"programming":[131],"overall":[133],"optimization.":[134],"proposal":[136],"includes":[138],"economic":[139],"dispatch":[140],"ASs,":[144],"taking":[145],"into":[146],"account":[147],"compensation":[149],"reactive":[151],"power,":[152],"harmonics,":[153],"asymmetry.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}