{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015742518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","title":"Two-Step Calibration Methods for Miniature Inertial and Magnetic Sensor Units","display_name":"Two-Step Calibration Methods for Miniature Inertial and Magnetic Sensor Units","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015742518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","mag":"2015742518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050079548","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0204-3867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050079548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":65.9407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99618048,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.8206757307052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.627357006072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6253570318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5954610705375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.5533900260925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5520216226577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetometer","display_name":"Magnetometer","score":0.5510339736938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5481957197189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.49446678161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-factor","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","score":0.4717232584953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4604938328266144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.4325029253959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.38697654008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3492166996002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3010067939758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.28781163692474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24256008863449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2255856692790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12604469060897827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.8206757307052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.627357006072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6253570318222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5954610705375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.5533900260925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5520216226577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153946474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333921","display_name":"Magnetometer","level":3,"score":0.5510339736938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5481957197189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.49446678161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144386022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332997","display_name":"Scale factor (cosmology)","level":5,"score":0.4717232584953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4604938328266144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4325029253959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.38697654008865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3492166996002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3010067939758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28781163692474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24256008863449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2255856692790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12604469060897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2014.2375258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:98818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83771092","https://openalex.org/W124803670","https://openalex.org/W1968407008","https://openalex.org/W1980767660","https://openalex.org/W1987175728","https://openalex.org/W1998358366","https://openalex.org/W2024991751","https://openalex.org/W2027139066","https://openalex.org/W2037576612","https://openalex.org/W2046169298","https://openalex.org/W2047174621","https://openalex.org/W2052203557","https://openalex.org/W2069744451","https://openalex.org/W2075198545","https://openalex.org/W2079643984","https://openalex.org/W2087125032","https://openalex.org/W2087395406","https://openalex.org/W2112021557","https://openalex.org/W2124488712","https://openalex.org/W2129734857","https://openalex.org/W2132403257","https://openalex.org/W2135371624","https://openalex.org/W2140257642","https://openalex.org/W2140427427","https://openalex.org/W2140812278","https://openalex.org/W2146799968","https://openalex.org/W2150452754","https://openalex.org/W2151898625","https://openalex.org/W2152242052","https://openalex.org/W2167342870","https://openalex.org/W2243575281","https://openalex.org/W2499727730","https://openalex.org/W6603378024","https://openalex.org/W6642293923","https://openalex.org/W6679946474","https://openalex.org/W6680867519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W4287084017","https://openalex.org/W3208523813","https://openalex.org/W3195533899","https://openalex.org/W3179745820","https://openalex.org/W2943094359","https://openalex.org/W2537790823","https://openalex.org/W2594666386","https://openalex.org/W2545638156","https://openalex.org/W2359095091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-cost":[0],"inertial/magnetic":[1],"sensor":[2,10,42,52,68,141,161,176,212,229],"units":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"extensively":[6],"used":[7],"to":[8,28,36,50,61,112,200,210],"determine":[9,113,201],"attitude":[11,39],"information":[12],"for":[13,86],"a":[14,151],"wide":[15],"variety":[16],"of":[17,89,92,218,226],"applications,":[18],"ranging":[19],"from":[20],"virtual":[21],"reality,":[22],"underwater":[23],"vehicles,":[24],"handheld":[25],"navigation":[26],"systems,":[27],"biomotion":[29],"analysis":[30],"and":[31,78,82,105,117,124,143,193,214],"biomedical":[32],"applications.":[33],"In":[34,55],"order":[35],"achieve":[37],"precise":[38],"reconstruction,":[40],"appropriate":[41],"calibration":[43,205,230],"procedures":[44],"must":[45],"be":[46,170],"performed":[47],"in":[48],"advance":[49],"process":[51],"readings":[53,189],"properly.":[54],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"are":[59,98,110,207],"aiming":[60],"calibrate":[62],"different":[63],"error":[64],"parameters,":[65],"such":[66,202],"as":[67,101],"sensitivity/scale":[69],"factor":[70],"error,":[71,73,75,77],"offset/bias":[72],"nonorthogonality":[74],"mounting":[76],"also":[79],"soft":[80],"iron":[81,84],"hard":[83],"errors":[85,97],"magnetometers.":[87],"Instead":[88],"estimating":[90],"all":[91],"these":[93,96],"parameters":[94],"individually,":[95],"combined":[99,103,115,127,167],"together":[100],"the":[102,114,122,126,140,144,157,164,166,175,180,184,215,219,224,227],"bias":[104,116,128,168],"transformation":[106,118,145,181],"matrix.":[107,203],"Two-step":[108],"approaches":[109],"proposed":[111,228],"matrix":[119,146,182],"separately.":[120],"For":[121,163,179],"accelerometer":[123],"magnetometer,":[125],"is":[129,147,190,198],"determined":[130,172],"by":[131,155,173],"finding":[132],"an":[133,194],"optimal":[134],"ellipsoid":[135],"that":[136],"can":[137,169],"best":[138],"fit":[139],"readings,":[142],"then":[148,208],"derived":[149],"through":[150],"two-step":[152],"iterative":[153],"algorithm":[154],"exploring":[156],"intrinsic":[158,185],"relationship":[159,186],"among":[160,187],"readings.":[162],"gyroscope,":[165],"easily":[171],"placing":[174],"node":[177],"stationary.":[178],"estimation,":[183],"gyroscope":[188],"explored":[191],"again,":[192],"unscented":[195],"Kalman":[196],"filter":[197],"employed":[199],"The":[204],"methods":[206],"applied":[209],"our":[211],"nodes,":[213],"good":[216],"performance":[217],"orientation":[220],"estimation":[221],"has":[222],"illustrated":[223],"effectiveness":[225],"methods.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
