{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969410171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","title":"The Dependence of Fatigue in Microelectromechanical Systems on the Environment and the Industrial Packaging","display_name":"The Dependence of Fatigue in Microelectromechanical Systems on the Environment and the Industrial Packaging","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969410171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","mag":"1969410171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072082930","display_name":"Giacomo Langfelder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-834X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Langfelder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110476917","display_name":"Stefano Dellea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Dellea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076609939","display_name":"F. Zaraga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Zaraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electron. & Inf. Technol. Dept., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dario Cucchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Cucchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEMS Sensors and High Performace Analog Division, STMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, Italy","MSH Div., ST Microelectron., Cornaredo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEMS Sensors and High Performace Analog Division, STMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MSH Div., ST Microelectron., Cornaredo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110633774","display_name":"Mikel Azpeitia Urquia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Azpeitia Urquia","raw_affiliation_strings":["MEMS Sensors and High Performace Analog Division, STMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MEMS Sensors and High Performace Analog Division, STMicroelectronics, Cornaredo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93895756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"12","first_page":"4938","last_page":"4948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6261916160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6152610182762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.5816841721534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.5018637180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49950575828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brittleness","display_name":"Brittleness","score":0.49603018164634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.46152037382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3733314871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36042970418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.359103798866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32032573223114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21936282515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1786741018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.13962531089782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09076324105262756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6261916160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6152610182762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.5816841721534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.5018637180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49950575828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.49603018164634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46152037382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3733314871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36042970418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.359103798866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32032573223114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21936282515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1786741018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13962531089782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09076324105262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/691166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/691166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1630725966","https://openalex.org/W1966009960","https://openalex.org/W1973573183","https://openalex.org/W1974687098","https://openalex.org/W1975412582","https://openalex.org/W1977778360","https://openalex.org/W1986310664","https://openalex.org/W1987203306","https://openalex.org/W1998127745","https://openalex.org/W2002845214","https://openalex.org/W2011999869","https://openalex.org/W2017781821","https://openalex.org/W2026599878","https://openalex.org/W2033684261","https://openalex.org/W2036064225","https://openalex.org/W2040338692","https://openalex.org/W2041744669","https://openalex.org/W2046149009","https://openalex.org/W2057403108","https://openalex.org/W2059403870","https://openalex.org/W2062529820","https://openalex.org/W2062784181","https://openalex.org/W2064120054","https://openalex.org/W2095276977","https://openalex.org/W2096692266","https://openalex.org/W2104390804","https://openalex.org/W2114302432","https://openalex.org/W2115088314","https://openalex.org/W2122336830","https://openalex.org/W2124504758","https://openalex.org/W2131635996","https://openalex.org/W2133347261","https://openalex.org/W2138494421","https://openalex.org/W2140678039","https://openalex.org/W2149572581","https://openalex.org/W2151203442","https://openalex.org/W2164673496","https://openalex.org/W2171726171","https://openalex.org/W2172130876","https://openalex.org/W2261882977","https://openalex.org/W2533397867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356006086","https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W2545168295","https://openalex.org/W2365897603","https://openalex.org/W4234814094","https://openalex.org/W2156308897","https://openalex.org/W4303613760","https://openalex.org/W2361871310","https://openalex.org/W2417246878","https://openalex.org/W1982154684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fatigue":[0],"is":[1,49,52,73,85,109,168,171,177],"a":[2,13,53,74,90,130],"cause":[3],"of":[4,16,42,67,93,117,138,154,163,190],"failure":[5],"for":[6,34,61,102,114],"micrometer-scale":[7],"polycrystalline":[8],"silicon":[9],"devices":[10,120,139,147],"subject":[11],"to":[12,111,146],"large":[14],"number":[15],"stress":[17],"cycles":[18],"during":[19],"their":[20,194],"operation":[21],"life.":[22],"Several":[23],"studies":[24],"in":[25,70,81,141,149,159,187],"the":[26,43,78,83,115,136,161,175,188],"last":[27],"15":[28],"years":[29],"evidenced":[30],"delayed":[31],"failures":[32],"happening":[33],"repetitive":[35],"applied":[36],"stresses":[37],"as":[38,40,129],"low":[39],"50%":[41],"nominal":[44],"tensile":[45],"strength.":[46],"This":[47],"phenomenon":[48],"surprising":[50],"(polysilicon":[51],"brittle":[54],"material),":[55],"and":[56,104,165,180],"many":[57],"theories":[58],"were":[59],"proposed":[60],"its":[62],"explanation:":[63],"Although":[64],"different,":[65,179],"all":[66],"them":[68],"agree":[69],"that":[71,174],"there":[72],"strong":[75],"dependence":[76],"on":[77,95,193],"environmental":[79],"conditions":[80],"which":[82],"device":[84],"operating.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"comprehensive":[91],"study":[92,134],"fatigue":[94,128],"an":[96],"industrial":[97,150],"technology":[98],"(Thick":[99],"Epi-Poly":[100],"Layer":[101],"Microactuators":[103],"Accelerometers":[105],"process":[106],"from":[107],"STMicroelectronics)":[108],"presented":[110],"provide":[112],"guidelines":[113,183],"design":[116,189],"reliable":[118],"large-scale":[119],"(accelerometers,":[121],"gyroscopes,":[122],"magnetometers,":[123],"etc.),":[124],"taking":[125],"into":[126],"account":[127],"reliability":[131],"issue.":[132],"The":[133],"compares":[135],"behavior":[137,176],"operating":[140,148],"ambient":[142],"environment":[143],"with":[144],"respect":[145],"packages,":[151],"where":[152],"concentrations":[153],"gases":[155],"are":[156],"different":[157,182],"and,":[158],"particular,":[160],"percentage":[162],"oxygen":[164],"water":[166],"vapor":[167],"controlled.":[169],"It":[170],"experimentally":[172],"shown":[173],"impressively":[178],"thus,":[181],"must":[184],"be":[185],"followed":[186],"devices,":[191],"depending":[192],"final":[195],"packaging":[196],"condition.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
