{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963539491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","title":"Unbalanced Three-Phase Optimal Power Flow for Smart Grids","display_name":"Unbalanced Three-Phase Optimal Power Flow for Smart Grids","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963539491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","mag":"1963539491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016158215","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Bruno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-9274"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033490302","display_name":"Silvia Lamonaca","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Lamonaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102829909","display_name":"Giuseppe Rotondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2554-4766"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Rotondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034701833","display_name":"Ugo Stecchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-0008"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Stecchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046666240","display_name":"Massimo La Scala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2599"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. La Scala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronic Department, Polytechnic School of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Politec. di Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.623,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98761421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"10","first_page":"4504","last_page":"4513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.854564905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.6762402057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-management-system","display_name":"Distribution management system","score":0.6152741312980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5162484645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-phase","display_name":"Three-phase","score":0.48592010140419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4661995470523834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.45919620990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45158275961875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4508240222930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.37384992837905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3728891611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3713895380496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.31917527318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2737838625907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21553611755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09183880686759949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.854564905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.6762402057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62066863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283196","display_name":"Distribution management system","level":2,"score":0.6152741312980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5162484645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.48592010140419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4661995470523834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.45919620990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45158275961875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4508240222930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37384992837905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3728891611099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3713895380496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.31917527318000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2737838625907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21553611755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09183880686759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2106099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572204513","https://openalex.org/W1676543742","https://openalex.org/W1976826271","https://openalex.org/W1985558427","https://openalex.org/W2014746566","https://openalex.org/W2031454011","https://openalex.org/W2038457770","https://openalex.org/W2050096287","https://openalex.org/W2052803034","https://openalex.org/W2053297203","https://openalex.org/W2064721589","https://openalex.org/W2070802414","https://openalex.org/W2072642243","https://openalex.org/W2076605490","https://openalex.org/W2086464119","https://openalex.org/W2095570364","https://openalex.org/W2100660280","https://openalex.org/W2103594718","https://openalex.org/W2104179704","https://openalex.org/W2106728372","https://openalex.org/W2111176322","https://openalex.org/W2114083729","https://openalex.org/W2118710995","https://openalex.org/W2119017405","https://openalex.org/W2127478599","https://openalex.org/W2132755931","https://openalex.org/W2137243960","https://openalex.org/W2139609852","https://openalex.org/W2151134446","https://openalex.org/W2152393062","https://openalex.org/W2152621351","https://openalex.org/W2153275646","https://openalex.org/W2155316900","https://openalex.org/W2158935301","https://openalex.org/W2165076581","https://openalex.org/W2167996275","https://openalex.org/W2169753806","https://openalex.org/W2170530210","https://openalex.org/W2261989283","https://openalex.org/W2295452136","https://openalex.org/W2326806701","https://openalex.org/W2542863329","https://openalex.org/W2560794116","https://openalex.org/W3100081296","https://openalex.org/W4256153048","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678818083","https://openalex.org/W6729116687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751256511","https://openalex.org/W1597785538","https://openalex.org/W2382521298","https://openalex.org/W2491804929","https://openalex.org/W2365075862","https://openalex.org/W2317225295","https://openalex.org/W2484643928","https://openalex.org/W2005920118","https://openalex.org/W2365978006","https://openalex.org/W948365834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0,30],"distribution":[1,37,74,142],"management":[2],"system":[3,38],"(DMS),":[4],"an":[5,80,138],"evolution":[6],"of":[7,26,72,106,111,124,137],"supervisory":[8],"control":[9,45,109],"and":[10,39,76,120,134],"data":[11],"acquisition":[12],"obtained":[13],"by":[14],"extending":[15],"its":[16],"working":[17],"principles":[18],"from":[19],"transmission":[20],"to":[21,69],"distribution,":[22],"is":[23,40,128],"the":[24,36,70,87,104,107,112,150],"brain":[25],"a":[27,90,100,131],"smart":[28,33,73,101],"grid.":[29,102],"DMS":[31,82,98],"assesses":[32],"functions":[34,46],"in":[35,79,99],"also":[41],"responsible":[42],"for":[43,92,97],"assessing":[44],"such":[47],"as":[48],"reactive":[49,121],"dispatch,":[50],"voltage":[51],"regulation,":[52],"contingency":[53],"analysis,":[54],"capability":[55],"maximization,":[56],"or":[57],"line":[58],"switching.":[59],"Optimal":[60],"power":[61,122],"flow":[62],"(OPF)-based":[63],"tools":[64],"can":[65],"be":[66,77],"suitably":[67],"adapted":[68],"requirements":[71],"network":[75],"employed":[78],"advanced":[81],"framework.":[83],"In":[84,103],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"authors":[88],"present":[89],"methodology":[91],"unbalanced":[93,141],"three-phase":[94,140],"OPF":[95],"(TOPF)":[96],"formulation":[105],"TOPF,":[108],"variables":[110],"optimization":[113],"problem":[114],"are":[115,147],"actual":[116],"active":[117],"load":[118,143],"demand":[119],"outputs":[123],"microgenerators.":[125],"The":[126],"TOPF":[127],"based":[129],"on":[130,149],"quasi-Newton":[132],"method":[133],"makes":[135],"use":[136],"open-source":[139],"flow.":[144],"Test":[145],"results":[146],"presented":[148],"IEEE":[151],"123-bus":[152],"Radial":[153],"Distribution":[154],"Feeder":[155],"test":[156],"case.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}