{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114340950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","title":"Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel-Inverter Induction-Motor-Drive Direct Torque Control for Automotive Applications","display_name":"Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel-Inverter Induction-Motor-Drive Direct Torque Control for Automotive Applications","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114340950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","mag":"2114340950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075995005","display_name":"Farid Khoucha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Khoucha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087647856","display_name":"S.M. Lagoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","display_name":"University of Laghouat","ror":"https://ror.org/018bbh535","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]}],"countries":["DZ","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.M. Lagoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","University of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria","Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112272860","display_name":"Khoudir Marouani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Marouani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","Electr. Eng. Dept., Polytech. Mil. Acad., Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., Polytech. Mil. Acad., Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033443105","display_name":"Abdelaziz Kheloui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kheloui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","Electr. Eng. Dept., Polytech. Mil. Acad., Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Military Academy, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., Polytech. Mil. Acad., Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035730211","display_name":"Mohamed Benbouzid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-508X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. El Hachemi Benbouzid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Brestois de M\u00e9canique et des Syst\u00e8mes (EA 4325), University of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. Brestois de Mec. et des Syst., Univ. of Brest, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075995005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I2802493600","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":231,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99014626,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"892","last_page":"899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.7959195375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.6676785945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-bridge","display_name":"H bridge","score":0.6464741230010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6426041722297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6253238916397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6106913089752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-control","display_name":"Vector control","score":0.6008584499359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.542831540107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.4773155152797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4334460198879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4146282374858856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2877904772758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.16372975707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1244562566280365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.7959195375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6676785945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545300","display_name":"H bridge","level":4,"score":0.6464741230010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6426041722297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6253238916397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6106913089752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152060993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759392","display_name":"Vector control","level":4,"score":0.6008584499359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.542831540107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.4773155152797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4334460198879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4146282374858856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2877904772758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.16372975707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1244562566280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2037105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00525393v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00525393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, 57 (3), pp.892-899. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIE.2009.2037105&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990769746","https://openalex.org/W2011122218","https://openalex.org/W2033855214","https://openalex.org/W2040365273","https://openalex.org/W2083048944","https://openalex.org/W2084409404","https://openalex.org/W2093014926","https://openalex.org/W2096202574","https://openalex.org/W2102340066","https://openalex.org/W2102858448","https://openalex.org/W2103940040","https://openalex.org/W2106882846","https://openalex.org/W2110900178","https://openalex.org/W2110980369","https://openalex.org/W2112404881","https://openalex.org/W2113148041","https://openalex.org/W2117932458","https://openalex.org/W2128596208","https://openalex.org/W2129421044","https://openalex.org/W2135269980","https://openalex.org/W2135583593","https://openalex.org/W2135656044","https://openalex.org/W2136022814","https://openalex.org/W2136451214","https://openalex.org/W2137497304","https://openalex.org/W2137651196","https://openalex.org/W2138161350","https://openalex.org/W2154712258","https://openalex.org/W2160352899","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2164284450","https://openalex.org/W2171980825","https://openalex.org/W2176853600","https://openalex.org/W3140978577","https://openalex.org/W4248779028","https://openalex.org/W6683508276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063511180","https://openalex.org/W2003389362","https://openalex.org/W2358246515","https://openalex.org/W2392229960","https://openalex.org/W2604101721","https://openalex.org/W2134656663","https://openalex.org/W2386294322","https://openalex.org/W1976520621","https://openalex.org/W2359895044","https://openalex.org/W4321063092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"This":[3,55,91],"paper":[4],"presents":[5],"a":[6,62,78,115,138,143,156],"hybrid":[7,23,63],"cascaded":[8,64],"H-bridge":[9,65],"multilevel":[10,66,111],"motor":[11,161],"drive":[12],"direct":[13],"torque":[14,46,53,149],"control":[15,26],"(DTC)":[16],"scheme":[17],"for":[18,159],"electric":[19],"vehicles":[20],"(EVs)":[21],"or":[22,89],"EVs.":[24],"The":[25,34],"method":[27],"is":[28,39,58],"based":[29],"on":[30],"DTC":[31,157],"operating":[32],"principles.":[33],"stator":[35,43],"voltage":[36,56,122],"vector":[37],"reference":[38,57],"computed":[40],"from":[41,85],"the":[42,50,72,110,129,134],"flux":[44,51,151],"and":[45,52,117,146,150],"errors":[47],"imposed":[48],"by":[49],"controllers.":[54],"then":[59],"generated":[60],"using":[61,77,104],"inverter,":[67],"where":[68],"each":[69],"phase":[70],"of":[71,133],"inverter":[73,92,112,135],"can":[74,113],"be":[75,83],"implemented":[76],"dc":[79],"source,":[80],"which":[81],"would":[82],"available":[84],"fuel":[86],"cells,":[87],"batteries,":[88],"ultracapacitors.":[90],"provides":[93],"nearly":[94],"sinusoidal":[95],"voltages":[96],"with":[97,123],"very":[98],"low":[99],"distortion,":[100],"even":[101],"without":[102],"filtering,":[103],"fewer":[105,124],"switching":[106,119,125,140],"devices.":[107],"In":[108],"addition,":[109],"generate":[114],"high":[116,139,144],"fixed":[118],"frequency":[120],"output":[121],"losses,":[126],"since":[127],"only":[128],"small":[130],"power":[131],"cells":[132],"operate":[136],"at":[137],"rate.":[141],"Therefore,":[142],"performance":[145],"also":[147],"efficient":[148],"controllers":[152],"are":[153],"obtained,":[154],"enabling":[155],"solution":[158],"multilevel-inverter-powered":[160],"drives.":[162],"</para>":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
